Geomorphological Analysis of the Volcanic Eruption of Jacomar, Fuerteventura (Eastern Canary Islands)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17735/cyg.v38i1-2.103074Keywords:
Volcanic geomorphology, GIS digital mapping, Jacomar, Fuerteventura, Canary IslandsAbstract
This study deals with the geomorphological mapping and analysis of the Jacomar Volcano eruption, located on the island of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the primary objectives of determining the age and dynamics of the eruptive processes in comparison with similar more current eruptions (e.g. La Palma, 2021). This mapping has been carried out in digital format (GIS) supported by field work, morphometric analysis (areas and volumes) on 3D terrain models and preliminary mineralogical analyses. The study has allowed the location and characterisation of the geological structures and geomorphological elements resulting from the eruption (scoria cone, basaltic flows, cascades, lava deltas, etc.), as well as the NNE-SSW fault involved in the eruption. The performed mapping differentiates four main eruptive phases, as well as their relationships with other geomorphological elements identified in the area (e.g. relict erosional landforms, alluvial fans, beach-rocks, etc.). The morphometric features of the lava delta resulting from the eruption and its comparison with other similar deltas in the archipelago resulting from protohistoric to modern eruptions (e.g. La Palma, 2021) indicate that the Jacomar eruption must have occurred during a high sea-level stage similar to the present one. The presence of Holocene beach-rock deposits offlaped onto the deltaic lava-front provides criteria to establish a recent age for the eruption (~ 6.5 ka BP). The performed digital mapping has allowed us to obtain confident areas of the eruptive materials, as well as a preliminary assessment of released volumes in Jacomar. The latter can be compared with the most recent ones produced in La Palma (2021), estimating a short duration for the eruption (≤ 3 months). It was a Holocene monogenetic strombolian eruption, with an explosivity index ≤ 3 VEI, which affected an area of about 500 ha and emitted a volume of (preserved) materials estimated in ~ 0.1 km3.
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