Datación por luminiscencia: ópticamente estimulada (OSL) y termoluminiscencia (TL)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17735/cyg.v36i3-4.96428Palabras clave:
luminiscencia ópticamente estimulada; OSL; datación; geocronología; tasa de dosis; cuarzoResumen
La datación por luminiscencia se ha convertido en los últimos años en uno de los métodos claves para establecer cronologías absolutas en el periodo del Cuaternario. La posibilidad de aplicarlo sobre granos de cuarzo y feldespato, abundantes en casi todos los ambientes sedimentarios y presentes en las piezas cerámicas, hace que sea uno de los métodos de datación más versátiles tanto en geología como arqueología. La luminiscencia ópticamente estimulada (OSL) y las variantes de esta técnica, así como la termoluminiscencia (TL) permiten datar el último momento en que estos granos minerales estuvieron expuestos a la luz solar o fueron sometidos a altas temperaturas antes de quedar depositados y enterrados. Los avances en la técnica han permitido aumentar la precisión, pudiendo estimar edades con un error menor al 10 %, cubriendo el periodo que va desde el presente a varios cientos de miles de años. Las dificultades que presentaba esta técnica en sus comienzos, como el blanqueamiento parcial o las diferencias en la señal luminiscente, son, hoy en día, información añadida a las dataciones estimadas. Este artículo pretende proporcionar la información necesaria para que los usuarios de esta técnica puedan aprovechar al máximo su potencial y les ayude en la interpretación de los resultados.
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