Efectividad y límites de la independencia de escala en las huellas deposicionales de un abanico aluvial experimental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17735/cyg.v39i1-2.105207Palabras clave:
abanico aluvial, independencia de escala, modelos físicos, geomorfología experimentalResumen
Los abanicos aluviales constituyen entornos atractivos para el desarrollo de asentamientos humanos en zonas montañosas, no obstante, su evolución dinámica conlleva un importante riesgo para la población e infraestructura aledaña. En las últimas décadas ha habido un notable desarrollo en el estudio de estas formas de terreno desde un enfoque experimental, sin embargo, existen limitaciones fundamentales al aplicar los principios del escalamiento clásico para representar estos sistemas. Por lo tanto, es necesario evaluar cuán capaces son los modelos de capturar la dinámica de los paisajes naturales y avanzar hacia una comprensión cuantitativa sobre la efectividad y límites de la independencia de escala natural en la morfodinámica. Para ello realizamos una serie de lanzamientos experimentales con flujos cargados de sedimentos en un modelo físico de abanico aluvial replicado en dos escalas diferentes (1:1 y 3:4). Las áreas de exposición asociadas a cada experimento se cuantificaron y mapearon en SIG. Luego, para evaluar el grado de similitud estadística de los patrones al variar la escala del modelo se generaron mapas de probabilidad de exposición, análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial de los porcentajes de exposición y análisis estadístico espacial de la distribución de la probabilidad de exposición. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron variaciones estadísticas significativas en la dinámica distributiva de ambos modelos, reflejando una disimilitud en la cinemática de los procesos que ocurren en el abanico, lo cual lleva a concluir que, al menos para un modelo bajo condiciones de flujo no confinado similar al utilizado en este estudio, la independencia de escala no aplica totalmente. Esto implica que los modelos a escala reducida deben utilizarse con precaución, especialmente para el estudio de riesgos en abanicos reales, ya que la respuesta en términos estadísticos sobre la indicación del peligro presenta discrepancias significativas al variar la escala del modelo utilizado.
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