Anthropometric and conditional profile in semiprofessional futsal players: differences between sexes. A case study. [Perfil antropométrico y condicional en jugadores semiprofesionales de futbol sala: diferencias entre sexos. Un estudio de caso].

Resumen

Abstract

El perfil antropométrico es uno de los indicadores asociados al rendimiento óptimo de los jugadores de fútbol sala. Sin embargo, ningún estudio ha analizado estos factores en ambos sexos ni ha creado un perfil antropométrico de cada sexo. Por estas razones, los objetivos de este estudio fueron: describir y comparar los perfiles antropométricos y condicionales de los jugadores de fútbol sala semiprofesionales, y analizar las posibles correlaciones entre los parámetros antropométricos y condicionales. En el estudio participaron 11 jugadoras de fútbol sala semiprofesionales y 8 hombres. Se realizaron varias pruebas: un análisis antropométrico y de composición corporal, potencia de las piernas con salto (SJ) y pruebas de contramovimiento (CMJ), y prueba de flexibilidad del psoas y glúteo mayor. Los jugadores de fútbol sala masculinos reportaron un mejor rendimiento en SJ y CMJ (p <0.001, ES grande), así como un menor porcentaje de grasa (10.2%) y un mayor porcentaje muscular (50.8%) que las jugadoras de fútbol sala (20.1% y 44.9%, respectivamente). No se encontraron diferencias significativas con respecto a la flexibilidad entre sexos (p> 0.05). El porcentaje de grasa presenta una correlación inversa (r = -0.84; ES muy grande), así como el rendimiento muscular, una correlación directa (r = 0.73; ES muy grande) con un rendimiento explosivo. Existen diferencias significativas entre sexos con respecto a los parámetros antropométricos y de potencia de las piernas, no en los valores de flexibilidad. En conclusión, los métodos de entrenamiento y objetivos condicionales durante la temporada deben ajustarse al perfil antropométrico y condicional de cada nivel deportivo, con especial foco en el rendimiento neuromuscular.

Resumen

Anthropometrical profile is one of the indicators associated to optimal performance of futsal players. However, no studies have analyzed these factors in both sexes neither created an anthropometrical profile of each sex. For these reasons, the goals of this study were: to describe and compare the anthropometric and conditional profiles of sub-elite futsal players, and to analyze possible correlations between anthropometric and conditional parameters. 11 female and 8 male sub-elite futsal players participated in the study. Several tests were performed: an anthropometric and body composition analysis, leg power with squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests, and psoas and major gluteus flexibility test.  Male futsal players reported a better performance in SJ and CMJ (p<0.001, big ES), as well as a lower fat percentage (10.2%) and a greater muscular percentage (50.8%) than female futsal players (20.1% and 44.9%, respectively).  No significant differences were found regarding flexibility between sexes (p>0.05). Fat percentage presents a reversal correlation (r=-0.84; ES very large), as well as muscular performance, a direct correlation (r=0.73; ES very large) with explosive performance. There are significant differences between sexes regarding anthropometric and leg power parameters, not in flexibility values. Finally, the training methods and conditional goals along the season should be adapted to anthropometric and conditional profile of each competitive level, with special focus in neuromuscular performance.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.06107

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