Juegos Reducidos en Rugby: diferencias entre el uso o no de contactos y distintos espacios de interacción. [Small-Sided Games in Rugby: Differences between the use or not of contact and different spaces of interaction].

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los patrones de movimiento y la intensidad del ejercicio en series de juegos reducidos (JR) manipulando el tamaño del espacio y la presencia o no de contacto. 10 jugadoras de un equipo de rugby siete femenino fueron monitorizadas mediante un GPS para medir los patrones de movimiento, y con un pulsómetro para medir la Frecuencia Cardiaca. Se registraron datos de  4 entrenamientos, en los que se proponían distintas medidas de JR (32x24m y 64x48m) y la inclusión o no de contacto, en los que cada equipo estaba integrado por 5 jugadoras. Cada formato de juego se distribuyó en dos series de 8 minutos con un descanso pasivo de 5 minutos entre cada serie. Los resultados mostraron que las jugadoras recorrieron más carrera a alta velocidad cuando jugaron con contacto, aunque solo en el espacio grande (Diferencia sustancial; TE ± 90% LC); y que cuando los JR se ejecutaron en espacios grandes, las jugadoras se vieron sometidas a unos patrones de movimiento más exigentes, indistintamente de jugar con o sin contactos.

Abstract

The main goal of this study was to compare patterns of movement and exercise intensity in series of small-sided games (SSG), manipulating the pitch-size and the presence or absence of physical contact. Ten female rugby seven players participated wore a GPS unit to asses patterns of movement and a heart rate monitor to measure heart rate during the series. Data from four training sessions were registered, in which different measures of SSG (32x24m y 64x48m) and the presence or not of contact were developed. Each team was composed of five players. Each game format was distributed in two series of eight minutes, with two rest minutes between each of them. Results showed that players run more at high speed when they played with contact, but only in the large space (substantial difference; ES ± 90% CL), and when small-sided games were executed in large spaces, players were subjected to more demanding patterns of movement, without distinction of playing with or without contacts.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2017.04905

Referencias/references

Aznar, S., & Webster, T. (2006). Actividad Física y Salud en la Infancia y la Adolescencia: Guía para todas las personas que participan en su educación (pag. 14). Madrid: Secretaría General Técnica. Centro de Publicaciones. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia.

Barbero-Álvarez, J.; Boullosa, D. A.; Nakamura, F. Y.; Andrín, G., & Castagna, C. (2012). Physical and physiological demands of field and assistant soccer referees during America's cup. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(5), 1383-1388.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825183c5

Bishop, D.; Girard, O., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2011). Repeated-sprint ability. Part II. Sports Medicine, 41(9), 741-756.
https://doi.org/10.2165/11590560-000000000-00000

Casamichana, D., & Castellano, J. (2010). Time-motion, heart rate, perceptual and motor behavior demands in small-sides soccer games: Effects of pitch size. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(14), 1615-1623.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.521168

Castellano, J.; Blanco-Villaseñor, A., & Alvarez, D. (2011). Contextual variables and time-motion analysis in soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(6), 415-421.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1271771

Chamari, K.; Hachana, Y.; Kaouech, F.; Jeddi, R.; Moussa-Chamari, I., & Wisloff, U. (2005). Endurance training and testing with the ball in young elite soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(1), 24-28.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.009985

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Earlbaum Associates, Hillsdale.

Cunniffe, B.; Proctor, W.; Baker, J. S., & Davies, B. (2009). An evaluation of the physiological demands of elite rugby union using global positioning system tracking software. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1195-1203.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a3928b

Dellal, A.; Drust, B., & Lago-Penas, C. (2012). Variation of activity demands in small-sided soccer games. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(05), 370-375.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1295476

Elloumi, M.; Makni, E.; Moalla, W.; Bouaziz, T.; Tabka, Z.; Lac, G., & Chamari, K. (2012). Monitoring training load and fatigue in rugby seven players. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(3), 175-184.
https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.34688

Federación Internacional de Touch (2013). Reglas del juego. (n.p.): Federación Internacional de Touch.

Foster, C. D.; Twist, C.; Lamb, K. L., & Nicholas, C. W. (2010). Heart rate responses to small-sided games among elite junior rugby league players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(4), 906-911.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181aeb11a

Gabbett, T.; Jenkins, D., & Abernethy, B. (2009). Game-based training for improving skill and physical fitness in team sport athletes. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 4(2), 273-283.
https://doi.org/10.1260/174795409788549553

Gabbett, T. J.; Jenkins, D. G., & Abernethy, B. (2011). Relationships between physiological, anthropometric, and skill qualities and playing performance in professional rugby league players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(15), 1655-1664.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.610346

Higham, D.G.; Pyne, D.B.; Anson, J.M., & Eddy, A. (2013). Movement patterns in rugby sevens: effects of tournament level, fatigue and substitute players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(3), 277-282.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.11.256

Higham, D.G.; Pyne, D.B.; Anson, J.M., & Eddy, A. (2013). Physiological, anthropometric, and performance characteristics of rugby sevens players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 8(1), 19-27.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.1.19

Hill-Hass, S.; Dawson, B.; Coutts, A., & Rowsell, G. (2009). Physicological responses and time-motion characteristics of various small-sided soccer games in youth players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(1), 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802206857

Hill-Haas, S. V.; Dawson, B.; Impellizzeri, F. M., & Coutts, A. J. (2011). Physiology of small-sided games training in football. Sports Medicine, 41(3), 199-220.
https://doi.org/10.2165/11539740-000000000-00000

Hoff, J.; Wisloff, U.; Engen, L.C.; Kemi, O.J., & Helgerud, J. (2002). Soccer specific aerobic endurance training. British Journal Sports Medicine, 36, 218-221.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.36.3.218

Hopkins, W. G.; Marshall, S. W.; Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(1), 3-12.
https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278

Kennett, D. C.; Kempton, T., & Coutts, A. J. (2012). Factors affecting exercise intensity in rugby-specific small-sided games. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(8), 2037-2042.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31823a3b26

Mohr, M.; Krustrup, P., & Bangsbo, J. (2003). Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(7), 519-528.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000071182

Muñoz-Chavez, B.; Reigal, R.; Hernández-Mendo, A., & Raimundi, M. (2015). Efectos del número de jugadores sobre la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo, la frecuencia cardiaca y las conductas de juego en rugby. RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte, 11(42), 360-375.
https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2015.04205

Owen, A. L.; Wong, D. P.; McKenna, M., & Dellal, A. (2011). Heart rate responses and technical comparison between small-vs. large-sided games in elite professional soccer. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(8), 2104-2110.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181f0a8a3

Portillo, J.; González-Ravé, J.M.; Juárez, D.; García, J.M.; Suárez-Arrones, L. & Newton, R.U. (2014). Comparison of running characteristics and heart rate response of international and national female rugby sevens players during competitive matches. Journal  of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(8), 2281- 2289.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000393

Rampinini, E.; Impellizzeri, F. M.; Castagna, C.; Coutts, A. J., & Wisløff, U. (2009). Technical performance during soccer matches of the Italian Serie A league: Effect of fatigue and competitive level. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(1), 227-233.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.10.002

Suarez-Arrones, L.; Arenas, C.; López, G.; Requena, B.; Terrill, O., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2014). Positional differences in match running performance and physical collisions in men rugby sevens. International Journal of Sports Physiology Performance, 9(2), 316-323.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0069

Suarez-Arrones, L.; Núñez, J.; Munguía-Izquierdo, D.; Portillo, J., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2013). Impact of several matches in a day on physical performance in rugby sevens referees. International Journal of Sports Physiology Performance, 8(5), 496-501.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.5.496

Suarez-Arrones, L.; Nuñez, F. J.; Portillo, J., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2012). Match running performance and exercise intensity in elite female Rugby Sevens. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(7), 1858-1862.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318238ea3e

Suarez- Arrones, L.J.; Nunez, F.J., Portillo, J. & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2012). Running demands and heart rate responses in men rugby sevens. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(11), 3155-3159.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318243fff7

Tessitore, A.; Meeusen, R.; Piacentini, M. F.; Demarie, S., & Capranica, L. (2006). Physiological and technical aspects of" 6-a-side" soccer drills. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 46(1), 36-43.

World Rugby (2015). Leyes del Juego de Rugby. Dublín, Irlanda: World Rugby.