Efectos del marcaje al hombre sobre la frecuencia cardíaca, el esfuerzo percibido y la demanda técnico-táctica en jóvenes jugadores de fútbol. [Effects of man-marking on heart rate, perceived exertion and technical-tactical demands on youth soccer players].
Palabras clave:
entrenamiento, jóvenes futbolistas, resistencia aeróbica, frecuencia cardiaca, esfuerzo percibido, training, young soccer, aerobic endurance, heart rate, perceived exertion.Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar la respuesta cardiaca (FC), el esfuerzo percibido (EP) y la demanda técnico-táctica en varios juegos reducidos (JRs) con porterías reglamentarias y diferente asignación en el tipo de defensa (libre vs. al hombre). Doce futbolistas de 17.5±0.8 años realizaron 4 formatos de JRs (3 series de 4 min): 3 vs. 3 y 6 vs. 6, con y sin defensa al hombre. La intensidad/carga de los JRs fue cuantificada mediante la FC y el EP. Además, con el objetivo de analizar las acciones técnico-tácticas, las tareas de entrenamiento fueron grabadas con una cámara de vídeo. El EP fue superior (p<0.05) en la defensa al hombre en comparación con la defensa libre tanto en el 3 vs. 3 como en el 6 vs. 6 (7.0 ±1.2 vs. 5.2 ±1.2 y 5.4 ±1.1 vs. 4.0 ±0.7, respectivamente). Sin embargo, no se mostraron diferencias (p>0.05) en la FC para los mismos JRs “(87.7 ±3.7 vs. 87.1 ±3.5% de la FCmax, en 3 vs. 3; 85.0 ±4.0 vs. 83.1 ±5.0% de la FCmax, en 6 vs 6). El éxito en el pase, el número de intervenciones, de interceptaciones y de acciones de control y pase fue significativamente mayor (p<0.05) en el formato de 6 vs. 6 con marcaje libre frente al marcaje al hombre. Los resultados sugieren que la intercambiabilidad de la FC y el EP en la valoración de la intensidad/carga de los JRs debe ser aplicada con cautela. El tipo de defensa empleado en los JRs influye en la intervención técnico-táctica del jugador.
Abstract
The aim of this research was to analyse the heart rate (HR), the perceived exertion (PE), and the technical-tactical demand in several small-sided games (SSGs) with standard goals and different defence schemes (no man-marking vs man-marking). Twelve football players whose age was 17.5±0.8 years old performed 4 different kinds of SSGs (3 sets of 4 min): 3 vs. 3 and 6 vs. 6 with and without man-marking. The load of SSGs was quantified by HR and PE. In addition, each SSGs was video recorded with the aim to analyse technical-tactical performances. The PE was higher in man-marking (p<0.05) compared to no man-marking in both 3 vs. 3 and 6 vs. 6 SSGs (7.0 ±1.2 vs. 5.2 ±1.2 y 5.4 ±1.1 vs. 4.0 ±0.7, (7.0 ±1.2 vs. 5.2 ±1.2 and 5.4 ±1.1 vs. 4.0 ±0.7, respectively). However, no differences were shown (p>0.05) by HRmax for the very same SSGs (87.7 ±3.7 vs. 87.1 ±3.5%, 3 vs. 3; 85.0 ±4.0 vs. 83.1 ±5.0%, 6 vs. 6). Successful ball-passing, the number of interventions and the control-passing actions were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the 6 vs. 6 no man-marking vs. man-marking. The results suggest that interchangeability between the HR and PE must be applied cautiously when assessing SSGs intensity/load. The defence used in SSGs influences the technical-tactical demands.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2016.04401
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