Perfeccionismo, afectividad y satisfacción con la vida en educación física. [Perfectionism, affectivity and life satisfaction in physical education].

Resumen

El perfeccionismo en la adolescencia ha sido asociado a altos niveles de desajuste y trastorno psicológico y bajos niveles de bienestar subjetivo y ajuste psicológico. Pero, no todas las dimensiones del perfeccionismo son insanas y desadaptativas. Mediante un análisis path se exploró un modelo para determinar cómo son las relaciones entre las dimensiones del perfeccionismo (autoexigencia y presión externa), la afectividad (positiva y negativa) y la satisfacción con la vida, en el contexto de la educación física. Participaron 388 estudiantes de 1º a 4º de Secundaria (222 varones y 166 mujeres; M = 14.24 ± 1.45 años). La autoexigencia predijo de manera positiva y directa la satisfacción con la vida; el afecto positivo también medió esta relación. La presión externa predijo directa y negativamente la satisfacción con la vida, cuya relación fue también mediada por el afecto negativo. Los resultados confirman una dimensión saludable de perfeccionismo (autoexigencia) y otra no saludable (presión externa) en la adolescencia. 

Abstract

Perfectionism during adolescence has been associated to high levels of psychological unbalance and distress, and low levels of subjective wellness and psychological adjustment. However, not all dimensions of perfectionism are negative and maladaptive. A path analysis was used to explore a model to determine the relations between two dimensions of perfectionism (Self-imposed and External pressures), affectivity (positive and negative) and life satisfaction in physical education. 388 1^st to 4^th secondary students (222 males and 166 females; M = 14.24 ± 1.45 years) agreed to participate. Self-imposed positively predicted life satisfaction, while positive affect mediated this effect. External pressures negatively predicted life satisfaction and negative affect mediated this effect. Results confirm a healthy dimension of perfectionism (self-imposed), and an unhealthy dimension (external pressures) in adolescence. 

http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2015.04107

Referencias/references

Arana, F.G. (2003). Fobia social como problema de alto perfeccionismo: Estudio de caso aplicando un tratamiento cognitivo conductual. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 11(3), 191-209.

Bieling, P.J.; Israeli, A.L.; Smith, J., & Antony, M.M. (2003). Making the grade: The behavioral consequences of perfectionism in the classroom. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 163-178.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00173-3

Byrne, B.M. (2008). Testing for multigroup equivalence of a measuring instrument: A walk through the process. Psicothema, 20(4), 872-882.

Cabañero, M.J.; Richart, M.; Cabrero, M.; Orts, J.; Reig, A., y Tosal, B (2004). Fiabilidad y validez de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida de Diener en una muestra de mujeres embarazadas y puérperas. Psicothema, 16(3), 448-455.

Chang, E.C. (2002). Examining the link between perfectionism and psychological maladjustment: social problem solving as a buffer. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(5), 581-595.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020329625158

Cockell, S.J.; Hewitt, P.L.; Seal, B.; Sherry, S.; Goldner, E.M.; Flett, G.L., & Remick, R.A. (2002). Trait and self-presentational dimensions of perfectionism among woman with anorexia nervosa. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(6), 745-758.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021237416366

Einstein, D.A.; Lovibond, P.F., & Gaston, J.E. (2000). Relationship between perfectionism and emotional symptoms in an adolescent sample. Australian Journal Psychology, 52, 89-93.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049530008255373

Frost, R.O.; Heimberg, R.G.; Holt, C.S.; Mattia, J.I., & Neubauer, A.L. (1993). A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 119-126.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(93)90181-2

Frost, R.O.; Marten, P.; Lahart, C., & Rosemblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 449-468.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01172967

Gaudreau, P., & Thompson, A. (2010). Testing a 2x2 model of dispositional perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 532 - 537.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.11.031

Gilman, R.; Ashby, J. S.; Sverko, D.; Florell, D., & Varjas, K. (2005). The relationship between perfectionism and multidimensional life satisfaction among Croatian and American youth. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 155.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.12.014

Hewitt, P.L., & Flett, G.L. (2002). Perfectionism. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Hewitt, P.L., & Flett, G.L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456-470.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.3.456

Hewitt, P.L.; Caelian, C.F.; Flett, G.L.; Sherry, S.B.; Collins, L., & Flynn C.A. (2002) Perfectionism in children: Associations with depression, anxiety, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 1049-1061.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00109-X

Kawamura, K.Y.; Hunt, S.L.; Frost, R.O., & DiBartolo, P. (2001). Perfectionism, Anxiety, and Depression: Are the Relationships Independent? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(3), 291-301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010736529013

Lozano, L.M.; García, E.; Martín, M., y Lozano, L. (2012). Desarrollo y validación del Inventario de Perfeccionismo Infantil (IPI). Psicothema, 24(1), 149-155.

Méndez-Giménez, A.; Cecchini-Estrada, J.A., y Fernandez-Río, J. (2015). Perfeccionismo, metas de logro 2×2 y regulaciones motivacionales en el contexto de la educación física. Aula Abierta, 43(1), 18-25.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aula.2014.09.001

Nounopoulos, A.; Ashby, J.S., & Gilman, R. (2006). Coping resources, perfectionism, and academic performance among adolescents. Psychology in the Schools, 43, 613-622.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pits.20167

Ofoghi, Z., & Besharat, M.A. (2010). Perfectionism and physical ill-health. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1119–1123.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.246

Öngen, D.E. (2009). The relationship between perfectionism and multidimensional life satisfaction among high school adolescents in Turkey. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 37, 52-64.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2009.tb00091.x

Rice, K.G., & Preusser, K.J. (2002). The Adaptive/Maladaptive Perfectionism Scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34(4), 210-222.

Sandín, B. (2003). Escalas PANAS de afecto positivo y negativo para niños y adolescentes (PANASN). Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 8(2), 173-182.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rppc.vol.8.num.2.2003.3953

Stoeber, J., & Childs, J.H. (2011). Perfectionism. En: R.J.R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence Vol. 4, Part 16 (pp. 2053-2059). New York: Springer.

Stoeber, J., & Otto, K. (2006). Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 295-319.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_2

Stoeber, J., & Rambow, A. (2007). Perfectionism in adolescent school students: Relations with motivation, achievement, and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(7), 1379-1389.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.015

Stoeber, J., & Stoeber, F.S. (2009). Domains of perfectionism: Prevalence and relationships with perfectionism, gender, age, and satisfaction with life. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 530-535.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.12.006