La micropaleontología como herramienta de datación e identificación de eventos climáticos en registros sedimentarios marinos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17735/cyg.v36i3-4.94120Palabras clave:
eventoestratigrafía; foraminíferos planctónicos; testigos de hielo; temperatura; δ18OResumen
Los microfósiles son una herramienta excepcional para hacer reconstrucciones climáticas y oceanográficas en sedimentos marinos debido a su alta abundancia, y a que muchos grupos permiten hacer estudios geoquímicos, especialmente los que presentan conchas de carbonato cálcico. En particular, las asociaciones de foraminíferos planctónicos han sido ampliamente utilizadas en ese sentido, ya que en el océano actual la distribución de las diferentes especies está íntimamente ligada a las condiciones climáticas y oceanográficas. La rápida respuesta de este grupo de microorganismos a los cambios climáticos nos permite utilizarlos para identificar eventos climáticos en un registro sedimentario y asociar esos eventos a sus equivalentes en registros de referencia bien datados. Esta práctica se conoce como eventoestratigrafía y nos permite obtener dataciones precisas y que pueden llegar a tener una resolución muy alta, por ejemplo, cuando se compara con los registros de los testigos de hielo de Groenlandia. Además, los análisis geoquímicos realizados en conchas de foraminíferos, como los isótopos de oxígeno (δ18O), también nos sirven para realizar eventoestratigrafía a diferentes escalas temporales. En este artículo, mostramos varios ejemplos de cómo se ha reconstruido el marco cronológico en secuencias sedimentarias marinas cercanas a la península ibérica a partir de abundancias relativas de foraminíferos planctónicos, paleotemperatura, o δ18O comparando los eventos climáticos del testigo de sedimento marino con los de un registro de referencia.
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