Determinación del riesgo de inundación en la ciudad de Salamanca (España) mediante análisis de peligrosidad, exposición y vulnerabilidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17735/cyg.v33i1-2.70148Palabras clave:
riesgo de inundación, exposición, peligrosidad, vulnerabilidad, SIG, cartografíaResumen
La población humana está cada vez más expuesta al riesgo de inundación debido al crecimiento de las ciudades, la expansión de las mismas hacia zonas ribereñas y la mayor incidencia de fenómenos climáticos extremos. Simular estos riesgos será útil para desarrollar acciones preventivas de planificación y ordenación de recursos. En el caso que nos ocupa, se establece un proceso de evaluación de la peligrosidad, exposición y vulnerabilidad de la población y de sus bienes respecto a las inundaciones en el río Tormes en Salamanca, a través de HEC-RAS, HEC-GeoRAS y ArcGis. Se estudiaron cuatro escenarios con períodos de retorno de 5, 50, 100 y 500 años de diferente probabilidad de ocurrencia e intensidad. Se calcularon los caudales de cada periodo, con la extensión, velocidad y profundidad del agua en cada evento, obteniéndose de la profundidad y de la velocidad la peligrosidad. Respecto a la exposición, se identifican las infraestructuras y edificaciones que quedarían anegadas en cada caso, cuantificándose su longitud o número, respectivamente. La vulnerabilidad de los edificios e infraestructuras expuestas está determinada por sus características. La conjunción de los tres factores determina el riesgo de inundación existente.
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