Implicaciones hidrodinámicas de una quema prescrita de baja intensidad en condiciones forestales mediterráneas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17735/cyg.v32i1-2.63327Palabras clave:
erosión, escorrentía, fuego prescrito, cuenca mediterránea, vegetación, resilienciaResumen
Este estudio evalúa las consecuencias hidrodinámicas de una quema prescrita en un área forestal mediterránea seca. La quema fue de baja intensidad y se realizó con el fin de controlar la acumulación de biomasa y reducir el riego de futuros incendios. A corto plazo, la respuesta de escorrentía y erosión en el área quemada presentó una mayor magnitud a la de los suelos no quemados. Esto implicó que, inicialmente, el umbral de precipitación necesario para activar la escorrentía en el conjunto quemado fuese inferior al requerido en la condición natural. Esto se debía a que, en los primeros meses tras la quema, más del 85% del total de la superficie de las parcelas quemadas estaba actuando como área de fuente para la producción de escorrentía. Sin embargo, en el segundo año, el porcentaje disminuyó muy rápidamente, principalmente por el rebrote de plantas anuales y arbustos. Dos años después de la quema, se observó como la superficie con cubierta vegetal en las parcelas quemadas fue un 16,1% mayor que en las parcelas control. Este hecho implicaba que, en el medio-largo plazo, el fuego prescrito no solo conseguía reducir el riesgo de sufrir incendios forestales severos, si no que permitía aumentar la tasa de recubrimiento vegetal frente áreas no quemadas.
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