Aplicación de algoritmos Structure from Motion (SfM) para el análisis histórico de cambios en la geomorfología fluvial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17735/cyg.v32i1-2.60410Palabras clave:
fotogrametría digital, SfM-MVS, análisis geomorfológico histórico, dinámica fluvialResumen
En el presente artículo se presenta el flujo de trabajo para la obtención de información espacial utilizada para el análisis de cambios geomorfológicos fluviales en el tramo alto del río Cinca (Pirineo Aragonés) durante el periodo comprendido entre el año 1927 y el año 2015. Los productos finales tras la aplicación de la metodología SfM-MVS son ortomosaicos, con un error medio cuadrático (RMSE) entre 0,5 y 1 m, y nubes de puntos con un RMSE entre 1 y 2 m. Los resultados indican que el tramo de estudio del Alto Cinca ha sufrido una fuerte reducción de la anchura activa del cauce (52 %) con un elevado proceso de incisión (e.g. >5 m en algunos puntos). Además, se observa una clara simplificación en el patrón del cauce (reducción del índice de multiplicidad de canales y paso de patrón multicanal a unicanal). Estos procesos están directamente influenciados por los impactos antrópicos asociados a las extracciones de áridos y a la construcción de escolleras (escala de tramo), y por los efectos sobre la producción y trasferencia de sedimentos (escala de cuenca) debido a los cambios en los usos del suelo a partir de la década de 1950 del siglo XX.
La metodología que se presenta en este trabajo es de gran utilidad para el diagnóstico del estado morfo-sedimentario de sistemas fluviales. En el caso particular del Alto Cinca, los resultados son de gran interés para la mejora de la comprensión de las relaciones causa-efecto en la dinámica morfo-sedimentaria observada para el período 1927-2015. Esta mejora puede ayudar a modificar los planes de gestión de cuenca mediante una visión más integral de los procesos contemporáneos.
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