PLANIFICACIÓN URBANA Y DECLIVE INDUSTRIAL El papel del planeamiento en la evolución de la estructura productiva de Detroit tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial

Autores/as

  • Beatriz Fernández Águeda

Palabras clave:

urbanismo, declive, industria, planificación, Detroit

Resumen

Son pocas las ocasiones en que se cuenta con fuentes documentales que permitan analizar las relaciones entre planificación urbana y evolución industrial de una ciudad. Sin embargo, los informes y planes publicados por la Detroit City Plan Commission tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial proporcionan la oportunidad de estudiar estas implicaciones en una de las ciudades industriales más paradigmáticas. El objetivo de este artículo es valorar el papel de la planificación urbana de pos-guerra en la evolución de la estructura productiva de Detroit en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. El estudio de los documentos parece apuntar a que el planeamiento pudo contribuir a definir un modelo productivo rígido y excluyente que sentó las bases del posterior declive de la ciudad.

Abstract: «Urban planning and industrial decline: the role of urbanism on the evolution of Detroit’s industrial structure after World War II»

There are few occasions in which reliable sources allow to analyze the relation-ship between urban planning and industrial evolution. Nevertheless, reports and plans from Detroit City Plan Commission after World War II make it possible to study its consequences in one of the most renowned industrial cities. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of postwar urban planning on the evolution of Detroit’s industrial structure. Documents may point out that urbanism could have contributed to create a rigid productive pattern. This model would have defined subsequent urban decline

Citas

BEAUREGARD, R. A. (2006), When America became suburban, Minneápolis,

University of Minnessota Press.

DARDEN, J. T.; HILL, R. C.; THOMAS J. M. y THOMAS, R. (1987), Detroit: Race

and Uneven Development, Filadelfia, Temple University Press.

Detroit City Plan and Improvement Commission (1915), Preliminary Plan

of Detroit. Detroit, Detroit City Plan and Improvement Commission.

Detroit City Plan Commission (1944), The Economic Base, Detroit, Detroit

City Plan Commission.

City Plan Commission (1946), Present Land Use in Detroit, Detroit, Detroit

City Plan Commission.

Detroit City Plan Commission (1947), Official Zoning Ordinance as

Amended to August 6, 1947, Detroit, Detroit City Plan Commission.

Detroit City Plan Commission (1951), Detroit Master Plan, Detroit, Detroit

City Plan Commission.

Detroit City Plan Commission (1956), Industrial Study, A Survey of Existing

Conditions and Attitudes of Detroit’s Industry, Detroit, Detroit City

Plan Commission.

City Plan Commission (1955), Existing Land Use in Detroit, Detroit, Detroit

City Plan Commission.

Detroit City Plan Commission (1962), Renewal and Revenue: An Evaluation

of the Urban Renewal Program in Detroit. A Demonstration Grant

Study, Detroit, Detroit City Plan Commission.

FARMER, S. (1984), The History of Detroit and Michigan or the Metropolis

Illustrated. A Chronological Cyclopaedia of the Past and Present, Detroit,

Silas Farmer & Co.

FULLER, G. B. (1928), Historic Michigan, Land of the Great Lakes; its Life,

Resources, Industries, People, Politics, Government, Wars, Institutions,

Achievements, the Press, Schools and Churches, Legendary and Prehistoric

Lore, Ohio, National Historical Association.

HAYS, R. A. (1985), The Federal Government and Urban Housing. Ideology

and Change in Public Policy, Nueva York, State University of New

York.

LYNCH, K. (2005), Echar a perder. Un análisis del deterioro, Barcelona, Gustavo

Gili.

PERLMUTTER, T. (1991), «Comparing Fordist Cities: The Logic of Urban Crisis

and Union Response in Turin, 1950-1975, and Detroit, 1915-1945».

Center for European Studies, Harvard, Working Papers Series, 31.

ROSS, R. B. y CATLIN, G. B. (1898), Landmarks of Detroit: A History of the City,

Detroit, Published under the auspices of the Evening News Association.

RUIZ SÁNCHEZ, J. (2002), Complejidad urbana y determinación. Estructuras

comunicativas y planeamiento urbano en el desarrollo del Área Metropolitana

de Madrid, Madrid, Universidad Carlos III-BOE.

SABEL, Ch. y ZEITLIN, J. (1997), World of Possibilities. Flexibility and Mass

Production in Western Industrialization, Cambridge, Cambridge University

Press.

SCRANTON, Ph. (1991), «Diversity in Diversity: Flexible Production and American

Industrialization, 1880-1930», Business History Review, vol. 65,

n.º1, primavera, pp. 27-90.

SUGRUE, Th. J. (1996), The Origins of the Urban Crisis. Race and Inequality

in Postwar Detroit, Princeton, Princeton University Press.

THOMAS, J. M. (1988), «Racial Crisis and the Fall of the Detroit City Plan

Commission», Journal of the American Planning Association, vol 54,

n.º 2, pp. 150-161

— (1990a), «Planning and industrial Decline: Lessons from Postwar Detroit

», Journal of the American Planning Association, vol. 56, n.º 3, pp.

-310.

— (1990b), «Attacking Economic Blight in Postwar Detroit», The Society

for American City and Regional Planning History, The Working Paper

Series, Denver, University of Colorado at Denver.

— (1997), Redevelopment and Race. Planning a Finer City in Postwar

Detroit, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press.

ZUNZ, O. (1983), Naissance de l’Amérique

Descargas