Efectos de un programa de autoentrenamiento sobre el rendimiento y cinemática de tiro en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto: un caso de estudio (Effects of a self-training program on shooting performance and kinematics in young basketball players: a case stu

Autores/as

  • Pedro Grenha Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto
  • José Moura
  • Eduardo Guimarães
  • Pedro Fonseca
  • Filipa Sousa
  • Manuel Janeira

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.87380

Palabras clave:

baloncesto, autoentrenamiento, rendimiento de tiro, cinemática, atletas jóvenes, (basketball, self-training, shooting performance, kinematics, youth athletes)

Resumen

El propósito del presente estudio fue investigar los efectos de un programa de autoentrenamiento en el rendimiento y cinemática de tiro de jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Catorce jugadores de baloncesto masculinos, de 16.64±0.50 años, divididos en grupo de control (n=7) y grupo experimental (n=7), fueron evaluados en el rendimiento de tiro libre, de dos puntos y de tres puntos y en cuatro parámetros cinemáticos (altura de liberación, ángulo de liberación, velocidad de liberación y variabilidad de la trayectoria), antes y después de un programa de entrenamiento de cinco semanas. Durante el período de cinco semanas, el grupo experimental realizó un programa de entrenamiento de tiro que incluía 600 tiros por semana. Ambos grupos mantuvieron su práctica regular de baloncesto. Los resultados muestran que el grupo experimental aumentó significativamente su rendimiento en el tiro de tres puntos (p<.05) y en el tiro libre (p<.05). Además, se observó, en el grupo experimental, una disminución significativa del ángulo de liberación en el tiro de tres puntos (p<.05) y un aumento significativo de la altura de liberación en el tiro libre (p<.05), mientras que el grupo de control aumentó significativamente la velocidad de liberación en el tiro de dos pontos (p<.05). En conclusión, la autopráctica de tiro en baloncesto, además de la práctica formal, mejora significativamente el rendimiento de tiro de los jugadores jóvenes. Por el contrario, los cambios reducidos en los parámetros cinemáticos analizados son probablemente una consecuencia de la ausencia de corrección externa durante el proceso de autoentrenamiento.

Abstract. The current study intended to investigate the effects of a self-training program on shooting performance and kinematics of young basketball players. Fourteen male basketball players aged 16.64±.50 years, divided in control group (n=7) and experimental group (n=7), were assessed on free-throw, two-point and three-point shooting performance and on four kinematic parameters (release height, release angle, release speed and trajectory variability), before and after a five-week training program. During the five-week period, the experimental group accomplished a shooting training program that included 600 shots per week. Both groups maintained their regular basketball practice. The results show that the experimental group significantly increased their shooting performance on three-point (p<.05) and on free-throw (p<.05). Moreover, a significant decrease in three-point ball release angle (p<.05) and a significant increase in free-throw ball release height (p<.05) were observed in the experimental group, while the control group significantly increased the two-point ball release speed (p<.05). In conclusion, self-shooting basketball practice, in addition to formal practice, significantly improves shooting performance of young basketball players. In contrast, the reduced changes on the analysed kinematic parameters caused by the self-training program are most likely a consequence of the absence of external feedback during training process.

Citas

Ammar, A., Chtourou, H., Abdelkarim, O., Parish, A., & Hoekelmann, A. (2016). Free throw shot in basketball: kinematic analysis of scored and missed shots during the learning process. Sport Sciences for Health, 12(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-015-0250-0

Ashy, M. H., Lee, A. M., & Landin, D. K. (1988). Relationship of practice using correct technique to achievement in a motor skill. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 7, 115–120. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.7.2.115

Button, C., MacLeod, M., Sanders, R., & Coleman, S. (2003). Examining movement variability in the basketball free-throw action at different skill levels. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74, 257–269.https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609090

Èauševiæ, D. (2015). Game-related statistics that discriminate winning and losing teams from the world championships in Spain in 2014. Homo Sporticus, 17(2), 16–19.

Doboviènik, L., Jakovljeviæ, S., Zovko, V., & Erèulj, F. (2015). Determination of the optimal certain kinematic parameters in basketball three-point shooting using the 94fifty technology. Physical Culture, 69(1),5–13.https://doi.org/10.5937/fizkul1501005D

Elliott, B. C. (1992). A kinematic comparison of the male and female two-point and three-point jump shots in basketball. Australian Journal of Science and Medicine, 24(4), 111–118.

Elliott, B. C., & White, E. (1989). A kinematic and kinetic analysis of the female two point and three point jump shots in basketball. Australian Journal of Science and Medicine, 21(2), 7–11.

Ericsson, K. A. (2008). Deliberate practice and acquisition of expert performance: a general overview. Academic Emergency Medicine, 15, 988–994. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00227.x

Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363–406. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.100.3.363

Fazel, F., Morris, T., Watt, A., & Maher, R. (2018). The effects of different types of imagery delivery on basketball free-throw shooting performance and self-efficacy. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 39, 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.07.006

Gablonsky, J. M., & Lang, A. S. I. D. (2005). Modeling basketball free throws. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Review, 47(4), 775–798. https://doi.org/10.1137/S0036144598339555

Gaetano, R., Gaetano, A., Domenico, T., & Mario, L. (2016). Analysis of learning a basketball shot. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(1), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2016.01001

García, J., Ibáñez, S. J., Santos, R. M., Leite, N., & Sampaio, J. (2013). Identifying basketball performance indicators in regular season and playoff games. Journal of Human Kinetics, 36, 161–168. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0016

Glass, G.V. (1966). Note on Rank Biserial Correlation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 26, 623 f–631.https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446602600307

Gómez, M. Á., Kreivyte, R., & Sampaio, J. (2017). Short-and long-term effects of using shooting straps on free-throw accuracy of young female basketball players. Kinesiology, 49(2), 225–234. https://doi.org/10.26582/k.49.2.3

Hamilton, G. R., & Reinschmidt, C. (1997). Optimal trajectory for the basketball free throw. Journal of Sports Sciences, 15, 491–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404197367137

Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41, 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278

Ibáñez, S. J., Feu, S., García, J., Parejo, I., & Cañadas, M. (2009). Shot differences between professional (ACB) and amateur (EBA) basketball teams. Multifactorial study. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 18, 313–317.

Ibáñez, S. J., García, J., Feu, S., Lorenzo, A., & Sampaio, J. (2009). Effects of consecutive basketball games on the game-related statistics that discriminate winner and losing teams. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8, 458–462.

Ibáñez, S. J., Sampaio, J., Sáenz-López, P., Giménez, J., & Janeira, M. A. (2003). Game statistics discriminating the final outcome of junior world basketball championship matches (Portugal 1999). Journal of Human Movement Studies, 45(1), 1–20.

Ibáñez, S. J., Santos, J. A., & García, J. (2015). Multifactorial analysis of free throw shooting in eliminatory basketball games. International Journal Performance Analysis in Sport, 15, 897–912. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2015.11868839

International Basketball Federation. (2014). Official Basketball Rules, Switzerland.

Kernodle, M. W., & Carlton, L. G. (1992). Information feedback and the learning of multiple-degree-of-freedom activities. Journal of Motor Behavior, 24, 187–196.https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.1992.9941614

Khlifa, R., Aouadi, R., Shephard, R., Chelly, M. S., Hermassi, S., & Gabbett, T. J. (2013). Effects of a shoot training programme with a reduced hoop diameter rim on free-throw performance and kinematics in young basketball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(5), 497–504.https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.736634

Knudson, D. (1993). Biomechanics of the basketball jump shot–six key teaching points. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 64, 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1993.10606710

Lorenzo, A., Gómez, M. A., Ortega, E., Ibáñez, S. J., & Sampaio, J. (2010). Game related statistics which discriminate between winning and losing under-16 male basketball games. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9, 664–668.

Maymin, A. Z., Maymin, P. Z., & Shen, E. (2012). Individual factors of successful free throw shooting. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1515/1559-0410.1414

Miller, S., & Bartlett, R. (1996). The relationship between basketball shooting kinematics, distance and playing position. Journal of Sports Sciences, 14, 243–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419608727708

Mullineaux, D. R., & Uhl, T. L. (2010). Coordination-variability and kinematics of misses versus swishes of basketball free throws. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(9), 1017–1024.https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.487872

Okazaki, V. A., Lamas, L., Okazaki, F. A., & Rodacki, A. L. (2013). Efeito da distância sobre o arremesso no basquetebol desempenhado por crianças [The effect of distance increase on basketball shot performed by children]. Motricidade, 9(2), 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.9(2).2668

Okazaki, V. H. A., & Rodacki, A. L. F. (2012). Increased distance of shooting on basketball jump shot. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 11, 231–237.

Okazaki, V. H. A., Rodacki, A. L. F., & Okazaki, F. H. A. (2006). Arremesso tipo jump no basquetebol: novatos versus experientes [The basketball jump shoot: novice versus experts]. Revista Mackenzie de Educação Física e Esporte, 5(2), 33–39.

Okazaki, V. H. A., Rodacki, A. L. F., & Satern, M. N. (2015). A review on the basketball jump shot. Sports Biomechanics, 14(2), 190–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2015.1052541

Paul, S., Lester, M., Foreman, K. & Dibble, L. (2016). Validity and reliability of two dimensional motion analysis for quantifying postural deficits in adults with and without neurological impairment. The Anatomical Record, 299(9), 1165–1173. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23385

Pojskiæ, H., Šeparoviæ, V., & Užièanin, E. (2011). Reliability and factorial validity of basketball shooting accuracy tests. Sport Scientific and Practical Aspects, 8, 25–32.

Práxedes, A., González, R., del Villar, F., & Gil-Arias, A. (2021). Combining Physical Education and unstructured practice during school recess to improve the students’ decision-making and execution (Combinando las clases de Educación Física con práctica no estructurada durante los recreos para aumentar la toma de decisiones y la ejecución de los alunos). Retos, 41, 502–511. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i41.83455

Rojas, F. J., Cepero, M., Oña, A., & Gutierrez, M. (2000). Kinematic adjustments in the basketball jump shot against an opponent. Ergonomics, 43(10), 1651–1660.https://doi.org/10.1080/001401300750004069

Ross, W. D., & Marfell-Jones, R. J. (1995). Cineantropometria. In J. Duncan, H. MacDougall, A. Wenger & H. J. Green (Eds.), Evaluación fisiológica del deportista. Barcelona: Paidotribo.

Satern, M. N. (1993). Kinematic parameters of basketball jump shots projected from varying distances. Biomechanics in Sports XI. Proceedings of the XIth Symposium of the International Society of Biomechanics In Sports (pp. 313–317). Amherst-MA, USA.

Schmidt, A. (2012). Movement pattern recognition in basketball free-throw shooting. Human Movement Science, 31, 360–382.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2011.01.003

Schurr, S. A., Marshall, A. N., Resch, J. E., & Saliba, S. A. (2017). Two-dimensional video analysis is comparable to 3D motion capture in lower extremity movement assessment. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 12(2), 163–172.

Tran, C. M., & Silverberg, L. M. (2008). Optimal release conditions for the free throw in men’s basketball. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(11), 1147–1155.https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802004948

Tsai, C.-Y., Ho, W.-H., Lii, Y.-K., & Huang, C.-L. (2006). The kinematic analysis of basketball three point shoot after high intensity program. In: XXIV ISBS Symposium (pp. 276–279). Salzburg, Áustria.

Uchida, Y., Mizuguchi, N., Honda, M., & Kanosue, K. (2014). Prediction of shot success for basketball free throws: Visual search strategy. European journal of sport science, 14(5), 426–432. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/17461391.2013.866166

Verhoeven, F. M., & Newell, K. M. (2016). Coordination and control of posture and ball release in basketball free-throw shooting. Human movement science, 49, 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.07.007

Wulf, G., Shea, C., & Lewthwaite, R. (2010). Motor skill learning and performance: a review of inûuential factors. Medical Education, 44, 75–84.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03421.

Descargas

Publicado

2022-01-06

Cómo citar

Grenha, P., Moura, J., Guimarães, E., Fonseca, P., Sousa, F., & Janeira, M. (2022). Efectos de un programa de autoentrenamiento sobre el rendimiento y cinemática de tiro en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto: un caso de estudio (Effects of a self-training program on shooting performance and kinematics in young basketball players: a case stu. Retos, 43, 256–263. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.87380

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas