Efecto agudo de descansos físicamente activos en variables cognitivas y creatividad en Educación Secundaria (Acute effect of physically active rests on cognitive variables and creativity in Secondary Education)

Autores/as

  • Alberto Ruiz-Ariza
  • Sebastián López-Serrano
  • Albeto Mezcua-Hidalgo
  • Emilio J. Martínez-López
  • Khader Abu-Helaiel

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.78591

Palabras clave:

Active breaks, actividad física escolar, cognición, rendimiento cognitivo., (Active breaks; school physical activity; cognition; cognitive performance)

Resumen

 El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer el efecto agudo de dos tipos diferentes de descansos activos (baja y alta intensidad), llevados a cabo entre dos clases, sobre varias variables cognitivas como la memoria, atención-concentración, cálculo matemático, razonamiento lingüístico y creatividad en jóvenes de Educación Secundaria. Participaron 136 adolescentes de 12.92 ± 0.43 años. Se emplearon 3 grupos de estudio: 1) Grupo de control (GC) que permaneció sentado dentro de la clase; 2) Grupo experimental 1 (GE1) que realizó 1 descanso activo de 4 minutos a baja intensidad; y 3) Grupo experimental 2 (GE2) que llevó a cabo ejercicios de alta intensidad. Para analizar los efectos de los diferentes tipos de descansos se empleó ANCOVA de medidas repetidas 3 Grupo (GC, GE1, GE2) x 2 Tiempo (pre, post). Se empleó como covariables la edad, sexo y estudios de la madre. Los resultados mostraron que los descansos activos mejoraron la memoria posterior de los participantes (p<0.001). Los descansos activos de baja intensidad presentaron un efecto de mejora similar en la atención y concentración (21 y 25%, p<0.001). Se observaron mejoras en el cálculo matemático tras ambos tipos de descansos activos, sin embargo, las diferencias no han llegado a ser significativas. Los adolescentes no mostraron mejoras en la capacidad lingüística ni en la creatividad. Se sugiere la inclusión de descansos activos, preferiblemente a baja intensidad, para obtener beneficios a corto plazo en la atención, concentración y cálculo matemático en jóvenes de educación secundaria.  

Abstract. The objective of this study was to know the acute effect of two different types of active breaks (low and high intensity), carried out between two classes, on several cognitive variables such as memory, attention-concentration, mathematical calculation, linguistic reasoning and creativity in high school youth. 136 adolescents of 12.92 ± 0.43 years participated. Three study groups were used: 1) Control group (CG) that remained seated within the class; 2) Experimental group 1 (EG1) that made 1 active break of 4 minutes at low intensity; and 3) Experimental group 2 (EG2) that carried out high intensity exercises. To analyze the effects of the different types of breaks, ANCOVA was used with repeated measures 3 Group (CG, EG1, EG2) x 2 Time (pre, post). Age, sex and studies of the mother were used as covariates. The results showed that active rest improved the participants' later memory (p <0.001). The low intensity active breaks had a similar improvement effect in attention and concentration (21 and 25%, p <0.001). Improvements in the mathematical calculation were observed after both types of active breaks, however, the differences have not become significant. The adolescents showed no improvement in linguistic ability or creativity. It is suggested the inclusion of active breaks, preferably at low intensity, to obtain short-term benefits in the attention, concentration and mathematical calculation in secondary school youth.

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Publicado

2021-01-01

Cómo citar

Ruiz-Ariza, A., López-Serrano, S., Mezcua-Hidalgo, A., Martínez-López, E. J., & Abu-Helaiel, K. (2021). Efecto agudo de descansos físicamente activos en variables cognitivas y creatividad en Educación Secundaria (Acute effect of physically active rests on cognitive variables and creativity in Secondary Education). Retos, 39, 635–642. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.78591

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas