Evolución de la investigación psicosocial del dopaje en el deporte de competición: una revisión narrativa (Evolution of doping in elite sport from the perspective of social sciences: a narrative review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.80834Palabras clave:
dopaje, ciencias sociales, deporte de élite, prevención, actitudes, (doping, social sciences, elite sport, prevention, attitudes)Resumen
Considerando que los ejes básicos que conforman el sistema antidopaje son el legislativo, el biomédico y el psicosocial, la investigación en esta última ha sido la más tardía en aparecer. El objetivo principal de este estudio se centra en realizar una revisión bibliográfica en profundidad sobre el estudio del dopaje en el deporte de competición desde la perspectiva de las ciencias sociales e identificar nuevos desafíos de investigación antidopaje para mejorar las estrategias de prevención en España. La revisión indica que existen diferentes modelos teóricos aplicados para comprender las actitudes, intenciones y conductas hacia el dopaje. Del mismo modo, son muchos los factores individuales, sociales y específicos del deporte que pueden influir en el dopaje. En España en particular, la evolución de la lucha contra el dopaje ha sido tardía y es necesario el impulso de una mayor investigación científica en el eje psicosocial, con una mayor coordinación entre los investigadores, los organismos antidopaje y las federaciones deportivas nacionales.
Abstract. Considering that legislative, biomedical and psycho-social factors could be the cornerstones in antidoping research, the latter has been the latest to be developed. The aim of this study is to carry out an in-depth bibliographic review on the study of doping in elite sport from the perspective of the social sciences and to identify new anti-doping research challenges to improve prevention strategies in Spain. The review indicates that there are different theoretical models used to understand attitudes, intentions and behaviors towards doping. Similarly, there are many individual, social and sport-specific factors that can influence doping practice. Particularly in Spain, the evolution of the fight against doping has been quite late and it is necessary to promote more social science research, with greater coordination between researchers, anti-doping organizations and national sport federations.
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