Predicción de la intención de ser físicamente activo del alumnado de Educación Física: un modelo mediado por la necesidad de novedad (Prediction of physical education students’ intention to be physically active: A model mediated by the need for novelty)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.70946

Palabras clave:

motivación, teoría de la autodeterminación, educación, necesidades psicológicas básicas, clima tarea (motivation, self-determination theory, education, basic psychological needs, mastery climate)

Resumen

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el rol que puede ejercer la necesidad de novedad en la motivación humana, testando un modelo en el que se relacionaba el clima motivacional que implica a la tarea con la necesidad de novedad, la motivación intrínseca y la intención de ser físicamente activo. Se utilizó una muestra de 732 estudiantes que cursaban de 1º de ESO a 1º de Bachillerato y con una edad media de 13.92. Se emplearon el factor clima tarea del cuestionario de Medida de las Estrategias Motivacionales en las clases de Educación Física, el factor novedad de la Escala de Medición de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas, el factor motivación intrínseca de la Escala del Locus Percibido de Causalidad en Educación Física y la Escala de Intención de ser Físicamente Activo. Los resultados del modelo mostraron que el clima motivacional que implica a la tarea predijo positivamente la necesidad novedad, la cual predijo positivamente la motivación intrínseca y ejerció un rol mediador entra ambas. Finalmente, la motivación intrínseca predijo de forma positiva la intención de ser físicamente activo. En conclusión, este estudio ha mostrado que la propuesta de tareas, metodologías y materiales novedosos por parte del docente de Educación Física, podrían aumentar los niveles de motivación autodeterminados en el alumnado y, en consecuencia, incrementar su intención de practicar actividad física fuera del contexto escolar en un futuro.


Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the role that novelty need can play on human motivation. For that purpose, a model that linked task-involving motivational climate, novelty need, intrinsic motivation, and intention to be physically active, was tested. A sample of 732 students enrolled from the first year of Secondary School to the first year of Baccalaureate (five courses), with mean age of 13.92 years, participated in the study. The mastery climate factor from the Measurement of Motivational Strategies in Physical Education Classes Questionnaire, the novelty factor from the Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, the intrinsic motivation factor from the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale, and the Intention to be Physically Active Scale, were used. The model outcomes showed that task-involving motivational climate positively predicted novelty need, which positively predicted intrinsic motivation and played the role of mediator between the two of them. Finally, intrinsic motivation positively predicted intention to be physically active. In conclusion, this study has shown that Physical Education teachers’ proposal of novel tasks, methodologies, and materials, could increase self-determined levels of motivation in students and, consequently, their intention to practice physical activity outside the school context in the future.

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Publicado

2020-01-01

Cómo citar

Fernández-Espínola, C., Almagro, B. J., & Tamayo Fajardo, J. A. (2020). Predicción de la intención de ser físicamente activo del alumnado de Educación Física: un modelo mediado por la necesidad de novedad (Prediction of physical education students’ intention to be physically active: A model mediated by the need for novelty). Retos, 37, 442–448. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.70946

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Sección

Monográfico: Metodologías Activas, Modelos de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje. Antonio Bae