Estudo do Perfil de Competências do Nadador-Salvador Português (A competency profile of the Portuguese lifeguard) (El perfil del socorrista acuático portugués)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.74342

Palabras clave:

Nadador-salvador, competências sociopsicológicas, salvamento, afogamento, formação (Lifeguard, soft skills, lifesaving, drowning, training) (Socorrista acuático, habilidades sociales, ahogamiento, formación)

Resumen

Resumo. O afogamento é uma das principais causas de morte em todo o mundo e a ação do nadador-salvador (NS) pode ser considerada como um contributo para a alteração desta realidade. Neste sentido, o propósito desta investigação é examinar o perfil de competências do nadador-salvador português, considerando o método da “Grounded Theory” (Strauss & Corbin, 2010) para compreender as variáveis psicossociais que definem um nadador-salvador de elite. Participaram no estudo 22 nadadores-salvadores de elite, com idades compreendidas entre os 30 e 67 anos, que deram voluntariamente a sua opinião sobre as competências associadas à ação de um nadador-salvador. Os critérios de inclusão foram: formação especializada, mais de 10 anos de atividade profissional e nadadores-salvadores medalhados por mérito. A recolha dos dados foi realizada através de uma entrevista semiestruturada etnográfica. Os dados foram gravados e transcritos verbatim. Os nadadores-salvadores com mais de 10 anos de atividade profissional foram contactados para a realização da entrevista pessoalmente, via email ou via telefone. A análise dos dados foi executada através do método Grounded Theory (Strauss & Corbin, 2010). Os resultados indicam que as competências relacionadas com a ética no trabalho, responsabilidade, trabalho em equipa, comunicação integridade, cortesia e relacionamento interpessoal foram identificadas por todos os entrevistados. Em síntese, o presente estudo providencia orientações relativas à formação dos nadadores-salvadores relacionadas sobretudo com as competências comportamentais (Robles, 2012). O aspeto exploratório deste estudo é reforçado por ser a primeira investigação sobre as competências comportamentais do nadador-salvador.


Abstract. Drowning is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and lifeguard action can be considered as a substantial contribution to change this reality. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to examine the competency profile of the Portuguese lifeguard considering the «Grounded Theory» method (Strauss & Corbin, 2010) to understand the psychosocial variables that define an elite lifeguard. In this study participated 22 Portuguese elite lifeguards, aged between 30 and 67, who voluntarily expressed their opinion concerning the competencies associated to the lifeguard action. The inclusion criteria were: specialised training, more than 10 years of professional activity and lifeguards awarded with a meritorious medal. Data collection was carried out through a semi-structured ethnographic interview. Data were audio recorded and a verbatim transcription of the interviews was done. Lifeguards with more than 10 years of professional activity were contacted in order to be interviewed in person, by telephone or email. Data analysis was carried out using the Grounded Theory method (Strauss & Corbin, 2010). Results indicate that competencies related to work ethic, responsibility, teamwork, communication, integrity, courtesy, and interpersonal relationship were identified by all participants interviewed. In summary, this study provides guidelines on lifeguards training, mainly related to behavioral skills (Robles, 2012). The exploratory aspect of this study is reinforced by the fact that it is the first research concerning lifeguard behavioral skills.


Resumen. El ahogamiento es una de las principales causas de muerte en todo el mundo y la acción del socorrista acuático puede ser una contribución para la modificación de esta realidad. En este sentido, el propósito de la investigación es examinar el perfil de competencias del socorrista acuático portugués, considerando el método de la “Grounded Theory” (Strauss y Corbin, 2010) para comprender las variables psicosociales que definen un socorrista acuático de élite. Participaron en el estudio 22 socorristas acuáticos de élite con edades comprendidas entre los 30 y los 67 años, los cuales dieron voluntariamente su opinión sobre las competencias asociadas a la acción de un socorrista acuático. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: formación especializada, más de 10 años de actividad profesional y socorristas acuáticos con medallas de mérito. La recogida de datos fue realizada mediante una entrevista etnográfica semiestructurada. Los datos fueron grabados y transcritos literalmente. Los socorristas acuáticos con más de 10 años de actividad profesional fueron contactados para la realización de la entrevista personalmente, por correo electrónico o por teléfono. El análisis de los datos fue ejecutado mediante el método Grounded Theory (Strauss y Corbin, 2010). Los resultados indican que las competencias relacionadas con la ética en el trabajo, responsabilidad, trabajo en equipo, comunicación, integridad, cortesía y relacionamiento interpersonal fueron identificadas por todos los entrevistados. En síntesis, el presente estudio proporciona orientaciones con respecto a la formación de los socorristas acuáticos, en particular en lo que se relaciona con las competencias comportamentales (Robles, 2012). El aspecto exploratorio de este estudio es reforzado por tratarse de la primera investigación relacionada con las competencias comportamentales de los socorristas acuáticos.

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Publicado

2020-01-01

Cómo citar

Santiago, P., Teques, P., Duarte, D., & Palacios, J. (2020). Estudo do Perfil de Competências do Nadador-Salvador Português (A competency profile of the Portuguese lifeguard) (El perfil del socorrista acuático portugués). Retos, 37, 673–679. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.74342

Número

Sección

Monográfico XIX Jornadas da SPPD. Araújo, Teques, Carvalho e Duarte