El efecto de los videojuegos en variables sociales, psicológicas y fisiológicas en niños y adolescentes (The effect of playing videogames on social, psychological and physiological variables in children and adolescents)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i21.34603Keywords:
videojuegos, sedentarismo, agresividad, atención, gasto energético.Abstract
El propósito de este trabajo será presentar evidencia científica acerca de los efectos del uso de los videojuegos en aspectos de la vida social de niños y adolescentes, así como posibles efectos psicológicos y fisiológicos generales. Se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura en bases de datos pertinentes y se han seleccionado investigaciones experimentales y meta analíticas de las cuales se extrajo información acerca de los efectos positivos y negativos de los videojuegos en niños y adolescentes. Se ha encontrado que la industria de los videojuegos es multimillonaria, y a pesar de que los videojuegos son populares en todo el mundo, la investigación científica sistemática es escasa y a veces, contradictoria. En algunos estudios se asocia el exceso de juego con efectos sociales y psicológicos negativos, como el aislamiento y la agresividad; mientras que en otros se asocia con el aprendizaje y reaprendizaje motor y la tenacidad para enfrentar situaciones de la vida real. En cuanto a efectos fisiológicos se ha encontrado que los juegos de video de naturaleza activa pueden ser promotores de un mayor gasto energético que los videojuegos de naturaleza pasiva; por lo que con una guía adecuada, podrían considerarse benéficos para combatir la epidemia global del sedentarismo y la obesidad. Se piensa que los juegos de video y todo lo relacionado con una pantalla serán parte de la vida de la población en el futuro, por lo que se deben realizar estudios sistemáticos para determinar los efectos de esta exposición a largo plazo.
Palabra clave: videojuegos, sedentarismo, agresividad, atención, gasto energético.
Abstract: The purpose of this manuscript will be to present scientific evidence regarding the effects of videogame playing on different aspects of the social life of children and adolescents, as well as the general potential psychological and physiological effects. A literature review from relevant databases has been performed, and experimental and meta-analytical studies have been scrutinized for positive and negative effects of videogames in children and adolescents. In general, it has been found that there is a billionaire videogame industry and yet, despite the worldwide popularity of videogames, research is still scarce and sometimes contradictory. Some research suggests a correlation between excess time video gaming on negative social and psychological aspects such as isolation and aggressive behavior; while other research suggests a positive association with motor learning, motor re-training and resilience. As far as physiological effects it has been reported that active videogames might promote higher energy expenditure than passive videogames; therefore, given an adequate parental instruction might provide videogames beneficial properties to combat the global epidemic of sedentary behavior and obesity. Videogames and everything related «to be» in front of a screen will be common to future generations, and therefore more systematic studies are required to determine the long-term exposure effects to these devices.
Key words: videogames, sedentary behavior, aggressive behavior, attention, energy expenditure.
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