Ejercicio físico y diabetes mellitus tipo 1: Una revisión narrativa (Physical exercise and type 1 diabetes mellitus: An narrative review)

Autores/as

  • Cesar Corvos-Hidalgo Universidad de la República, Instituto Superior de Educación Física
  • José Melendez-Gallardo Grupo de Investigación Biofísica y Bioquímica del Ejercicio. Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE). Uruguay. **** Centro de Biofísica y Neurociencias (CBN). Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FCS). Universidad de Carabobo (UC). Venezuela. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-8344
  • Enrique Pintos-Toledo Instituto Superior de Educación Física. Universidad de la República, Uruguay. Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del rendimiento Humano. Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay.
  • Adriana Silveira Instituto Superior de Educación Física. Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
  • Franco Souza-Marabotto Instituto Superior de Educación Física. Universidad de la República, Uruguay. Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del rendimiento Humano. Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.99366

Palabras clave:

Diabetes mellitus tipo 1, ejercicio físico, caftores de riesgo

Resumen

La diabetes está considerada un problema de salud pública en aumento, relacionada con la posibilidad de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular y otras enfermedades derivadas. Por otro lado, el ejercicio físico representa un excelente tratamiento no farmacológico para personas con esta patología. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la evidencia más reciente sobre los efectos del ejercicio aeróbico, del ejercicio resistido y el ejercicio intermitente de alta intensidad sobre distintas variables de salud en adultos diabéticos tipo 1. De este modo se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed y SPORTDiscus, obteniendo un total de 321 artículos, al aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión quedan seleccionados 10 artículos. Con respecto al ejercicio aeróbico (EA), se puede realizar, pero con más cuidado y vigilancia en comparación con otra actividad más intensa, así como estar atento a los niveles de glucemia antes, durante y después de éste, e incluso después de pasadas algunas horas, a pesar de algunos resultados contradictorios, se muestra una tendencia más marcada a la hipoglucemia, lo positivo es que se ha evidenciado un aumento del V̇O2máx. En relación al ejercicio resistido y el HIIT, la mayoría de los hallazgos muestran efectos positivos en el control glucémico y los niveles de HbA1c, incluido el aumento de la aptitud aeróbica, la fuerza muscular, así como la prevención de patologías relacionadas y derivadas de la diabetes mellitus.

Palabras claves: Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1, ejercicio físico, factores de riesgo.

Abstract. Diabetes is considered a growing public health problem, related to the possibility of developing cardiovascular disease and other derived diseases. On the other hand, physical exercise represents an excellent non-pharmacological treatment for people with this pathology. The aim of this article is to analyze the most recent evidence on the effects of aerobic exercise, resisted exercise and high-intensity intermittent exercise on different health variables in type 1 diabetic adults. Thus, a bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases, obtaining a total of 321 articles; after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were selected. With respect to aerobic exercise (AE), it can be performed, but with more care and vigilance compared to other more intense activity, as well as being attentive to blood glucose levels before, during and after it, and even after some hours have passed, despite some contradictory results, it shows a more marked tendency to hypoglycemia, the positive thing is that an increase in V̇O2max has been evidenced. In relation to resisted exercise and HIIT, most findings show positive effects on glycemic control and HbA1c levels, including increased aerobic fitness, muscle strength, as well as prevention of pathologies related to and derived from diabetes mellitus.

Key words: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, physical exercise, risk factors.

Citas

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Publicado

2024-01-01

Cómo citar

Corvos-Hidalgo, C., Melendez-Gallardo, J., Pintos-Toledo, E., Silveira, A., & Souza-Marabotto, F. (2024). Ejercicio físico y diabetes mellitus tipo 1: Una revisión narrativa (Physical exercise and type 1 diabetes mellitus: An narrative review). Retos, 51, 159–166. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.99366

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Sección

Revisiones teóricas, sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis