Efecto de la meditación mindfulness en el deporte de alto rendimiento: una revisión del alcance (Effect of Mindfulness Meditation on High-Performance Sports: A Scoping Review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.99004Palabras clave:
mindfulness, rendimiento deportivo, meditación, salud mentalResumen
Es superficial decir que la práctica de deportes es una cuestión puramente física, ya que después de numerosos estudios, estamos empezando a comprender de manera más amplia la importancia de la mente en lo que respecta al desarrollo satisfactorio en las competiciones. El aprendizaje de habilidades psicológicas, al igual que el aprendizaje de habilidades técnicas y tácticas, debe ser practicado regularmente y perfeccionado a través de su aplicación sistemática. El objetivo del presente estudio fue llevar a cabo una revisión del alcance de la literatura existente sobre los efectos de la meditación de atención plena en las respuestas psicológicas y fisiológicas en atletas masculinos y femeninos. La búsqueda se realizó en mayo de 2024 en las bases de datos Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, PubMed® y Scielo, arrojando 32 artículos, aceptados por los criterios de inclusión, siendo analizados. Se incluyeron en el estudio atletas de ambos sexos que utilizaron el mindfulness como enfoque principal. En este contexto, se evaluaron como resultados el rendimiento fisiológico (concentración de cortisol, creatina quinasa, lactato deshidrogenasa, testosterona, respuesta inmunológica, variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca, frecuencia cardíaca en reposo y volumen máximo de oxígeno), respuestas psicológicas (niveles de ansiedad y depresión) e índices de rendimiento muscular (número de repeticiones máximas, volumen total de entrenamiento y movilidad de carga durante las pruebas de repeticiones máxima. Se observó que la meditación de atención plena mejoró la calidad del sueño, aumentó la tolerancia al dolor, redujo los niveles de cortisol sérico, aumentó la confianza, redujo el estrés y la ansiedad. De hecho, la literatura comienza a profundizar en la meditación relacionada con el rendimiento físico y deportivo, pero aún es necesario aplicar nuevas investigaciones que aporten una mayor base científica para favorecer el deporte de alto nivel. rendimiento de manera eficiente y segura. En base a las respuestas encontradas en esta revisión sistemática, la meditación mindfulness parece ser una estrategia interesante para ser incorporada al deporte, principalmente por la observación de respuestas positivas en la capacidad psicológica de los deportistas.
Palabras clave: mindfulness, rendimiento deportivo, meditación, salud mental.
Abstract. To describe the practice of sports as merely a physical endeavor is an oversimplification. Numerous studies have increasingly illuminated the critical role of the mind in achieving optimal performance in competitions. The acquisition of psychological skills, akin to the mastery of technical and tactical abilities, necessitates regular practice and systematic refinement. This study aims to conduct a scoping review of the existing literature on the effects of mindfulness meditation on both the psychological and physiological responses of high-performance athletes of both genders. A comprehensive search was conducted in May 2024 across the Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, PubMed®, and Scielo databases, yielding 32 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analyzed. This review included athletes of both sexes who utilized mindfulness as their primary approach. The outcomes assessed encompassed physiological performance metrics (cortisol concentration, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, testosterone levels, immune response, heart rate variability, resting heart rate, and maximum oxygen uptake), psychological responses (levels of anxiety and depression), and muscle performance indices (number of maximum repetitions, total training volume, and load capacity during maximum repetition tests). Findings indicated that mindfulness meditation led to improved sleep quality, enhanced pain tolerance, reduced serum cortisol levels, increased confidence, and decreased stress and anxiety. While the literature is beginning to explore the relationship between meditation and physical-sport performance in greater depth, additional research is essential to provide a more robust scientific foundation that supports high-performance sports effectively and safely. Based on the outcomes of this systematic review, mindfulness meditation emerges as a promising strategy for integration into the sports domain, particularly due to its positive impact on athletes' psychological capabilities.
Keywords: mindfulness, athletic performance, meditation, mental health.
Citas
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