Efectos del ejercicio de fuerza escapular para pacientes con epicondilalgia lateral: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado (Effects of scapular strengthening exercises for patients with lateral epicondylalgia: Randomized clinical trial)

Autores/as

  • Luis Pérez Espallargas Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. (Campus Universitario - C/ 19, Av. de Madrid, Km 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid)
  • Alejandro Ayuso Pablo Universidad de Alcalá
  • Kauzar Abdelkader Mohamed Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. (Campus Universitario - C/ 19, Av. de Madrid, Km 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid)
  • Ana Pinto Redondo Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. (Campus Universitario - C/ 19, Av. de Madrid, Km 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid)
  • Luis López González Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. (Campus Universitario - C/ 19, Av. de Madrid, Km 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid). Centro de Salud Barrio del Pilar (C. de Finisterre 18, 28029, Madrid)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.96314

Palabras clave:

Epicondilalgia lateral (lateral epicondylalgia), Codo de tenista (tennis elbow), Epicondilitis lateral (lateral epicondylitis), Ejercicio (exercise), Musculatura escapular (scapular muscle).

Resumen

Introducción: La epicondilalgia lateral (EL) es una afección común causada por microtraumatismos debido a movimientos repetidos, afectando al 40% de la población en algún momento de su vida. La falta de éxito a largo plazo en el tratamiento de la EL puede estar relacionada con la subestimación de deficiencias de fuerza en las estructuras proximales al codo, contribuyendo a tensiones excesivas en el tendón extensor corto del carpo (TECC). Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si la combinación de un programa de ejercicio de fuerza en la región escapular (PEE) junto con un programa de ejercicio convencional (PEC) resultó en mejoras estadísticamente significativas en pacientes con EL. Metodología: Este ensayo clínico aleatorizado (ECA) incluyó 60 pacientes que se asignaron a 2 grupos de manera aleatoria. El grupo control (GC) recibió solo PEC, mientras que el grupo experimental (GE), además del PEC, implementó un PEE. Se evaluaron variables relacionadas con dolor, funcionalidad, umbral de dolor a la presión, fuerza prensil. Se llevaron a cabo 12 sesiones de 30 minutos cada una distribuidas en 3 sesiones por semana durante 4 semanas. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos en cuanto al dolor (p = 0,104), la funcionalidad (p = 0,08), así como en el umbral de dolor a la presión (p = 0,999) o la fuerza prensil, ya sea con el brazo flexionado (p = 0,94) o en extensión (p = 0,70). Además, se encontró una interacción significativa entre el tiempo y el tratamiento (p = 0,046). Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la intensidad del dolor entre los grupos (p = 0,788). Conclusiones: La combinación de ambos programas parece ser una herramienta terapéutica prometedora para el tratamiento de la EL. Sin embargo, no se ha podido afirmar que la realización de un PEE junto con un PEC sea superior en términos de efectividad a corto y medio plazo.

Palabras clave: Epicondilalgia lateral (lateral epicondylalgia), Codo de tenista (tennis elbow), Epicondilitis lateral (lateral epicondylitis), Ejercicio (exercise), Musculatura escapular (scapular muscle).

Abstract.  Lateral epicondylalgia (LE) is a common condition caused by microtrauma due to repeated movements, affecting the 40% of the population at some point in their lives. The lack of long-term success in the treatment of EL may be related to underestimation of strength deficiencies in structures proximal to the elbow, contributing to excessive stresses on the extensor carpi brevis tendon (ECC). Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the combination of a scapular strength exercise programme (SEP) in conjunction with a conventional exercise programme (CEP) resulted in statistically significant improvements in patients with EL. Methodology: This randomised clinical trial (RCT) included 60 patients who were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The control group (CG) received only the exercise program conventional (PEC) for the epicondylar muscles, while the group Experimental (GE), in addition to the PEC, implemented an exercise program of strength in the scapular region (SEP). Variables related to pain, functionality, threshold were evaluated for pressure, pain, grip strength and quality of life. There were 12 sessions of 30 minutes each distributed in 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of pain (p = 0.104), functionality (p = 0.08), as well as pain threshold to pressure (p = 0.999) or prehensile strength, either with the arm flexed (p = 0.94) or in extension (p = 0.70). Conclusions: The combination of both programmes seems to be a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of EL. However, it could not be affirmed that the implementation of a PEE together with a CEP is superior in terms of effectiveness in the short and medium term.

Key Words: Lateral epicondylalgia, tennis elbow, lateral epicondylitis, exercise, scapular muscle.

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Publicado

2024-04-26

Cómo citar

Pérez Espallargas, L. ., Ayuso Pablo, A., Abdelkader Mohamed, K., Pinto Redondo, A. ., & López González, L. . (2024). Efectos del ejercicio de fuerza escapular para pacientes con epicondilalgia lateral: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado (Effects of scapular strengthening exercises for patients with lateral epicondylalgia: Randomized clinical trial). Retos, 56, 353–368. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.96314

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas