Efecto del curso avanzado de combate sobre cualidades físicas condicionantes y características antropométricas en alumnos de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova de Bogotá D.C. (Effect of the advanced combat course on conditioning phy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.88536Palabras clave:
Educación física, entrenamiento físico, personal militar, fuerza muscular, antropometría., (Physical Education and Training, Anthropometry, Military personnel, muscle strenght)Resumen
El Ejército Nacional de Colombia garantiza la formación de sus alumnos a partir del curso avanzado de combate, que simulan operaciones militares reales. Este artículo busca determinar el efecto del curso avanzado de combate sobre cualidades físicas y antropométricas en alumnos de la Escuela Militar. Para ello se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo con componente analítico, cuyos sujetos fueron medidos antes y después del Curso de Combate. La muestra incluyó 113 participantes, 26 mujeres y 87 hombres con edades promedio de 22 ± 1,3 años, pertenecientes a la Escuela Militar de Cadetes de Colombia. Las variables que se midieron fueron peso, talla, perímetro de cintura e Índice de masa corporal, el VO2 máximo indirecto con el test de Leger, la fuerza máxima del cuadrante superior con el press banca acoplado al sistema T-Force®, fuerza prensil y de espalda con dinamometría y la flexibilidad con el test Sit and Reach. Se evidenciaron cambio significativo: controladas por género: perímetro de cintura p <.001, IMC p = .000847, flexibilidad p =.0147, dinamometría de espalda p = 5.12e-05 y la variable RM p = 9.26e-06; controlando por género y lateralidad: fuerza prensil izquierda p <.001. Se logró evidenciar una reducción del IMC y perímetro de cintura. Existe un incremento de la fuerza isométrica extensora de tronco con disminución de la flexibilidad lumbar e isquiotibial, generando rigidez, estabilidad del tronco permitiendo soportar posturas y cargas. Se presentaron mejoras de fuerza máxima en miembros superiores y fuerza prensil izquierda, mejorando la capacidad de mantener cargas.
Abstract. The National Army of Colombia guarantees the education of their students from advanced combat courses, which simulate real military operations. This article seeks to determines the effect of the advanced combat course on physical qualities and anthropometric characteristics in students of the Military School. For this, an observational, descriptive study with an analytical component was carried out, whose subjects were measured before and after the Combat Course. The sample included 113 participants, 26 women and 87 men with an average age of 22 ± 1.3 years, belonging to the Colombian Military Cadet School. The variables that were measured were weight, height, waist circumference and body mass index, the maximum indirect VO2 with the Leger test, the maximum force of the upper quadrant with the bench press coupled to the T-Force® system, prehensile and back strength with dynamometry and flexibility with the Sit and Reach test. Results: The following variables showed change: controlled by gender: waist circumference p <.001, BMI p = .000847, flexibility p = .0147, back dynamometry p = 5.12e 05 and the variable RM p = 9.26e-06; controlling for gender and laterality: left grip strength p <.001. There was a reduction of BMI and waist circumference and significant increase in isometric trunk extensor force with decreased lumbar and hamstring flexibility, which generates rigidity, stability of the trunk allowing to support postures and loads. Students developed superior levels of maximum strength in upper limbs and left prehensile strength, improving the ability to hold loads.
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