Evaluación de los predictores de los estilos de vida de los estudiantes universitarios de la Amazonía peruana: un estudio transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.113956Palabras clave:
Ejercicio físico, estilos de vida, hábitos saludables , salud mental, salud , bienestarResumen
Introduction: Currently, lifestyles play a key role in physical and mental health, as they influence people’s quality of life, well-being, and performance. In the university setting, factors such as depression, anxiety, and stress may negatively affect lifestyle habits, disrupting their balance and overall well-being.
Objective: To determine whether depression, anxiety, and stress predict the lifestyles of university students in the Peruvian Amazon.
Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, predictive, and cross-sectional study was con-ducted. The sample consist-ed of 652 students selected through probabilistic sampling, who were administered the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Lifestyle Profile (PEPS-I), both with adequate psychometric proper-ties.
Results: It was found that only depression has a significant predictive effect on lifestyles (β = -0.420, p < 0.01), indicating that higher levels of depression are associated with poorer lifestyles. Additionally, the model adequately fit the data (F = 78.218, p < 0.01), explaining 26.2% of the variability in lifestyles (R² = 0.262).
Discussion: While some studies support these findings, further research is needed to confirm these results and analyze how depression, anxiety, and stress interact with other factors influencing life-styles.
Citas
Abend R. (2023). Understanding anxiety symptoms as aberrant defensive responding along the threat imminence continuum. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 152, 105305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105305
Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96(2), 358–372. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.96.2.358
Agyapong-Opoku, G., Agyapong, B., Obuobi-Donkor, G., & Eboreime, E. (2023). Depression and anxiety among undergraduate health science students: A scoping review of the literature. Behavioral Sciences, 13(12), 1002. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13121002
Ali, S., y Çerkez, Y. (2020). El impacto de la ansiedad, la depresión y el estrés en la estabilidad emocional entre los estudiantes universitarios desde el punto de vista educativo. Propósitos y Representa-ciones, 8(3), e520. https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2020.v8n3.520
Almarzouki, A. F. (2024). Stress, working memory, and academic performance: a neuroscience per-spective. Stress, 27(1), 2364333. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2024.2364333
Alothman, S. A., Al Baiz, A. A., Alzaben, A. S., Khan, R., Alamri, A. F., & Omer, A. B. (2024). Factors associ-ated with lifestyle behaviors among university students: A cross-sectional study. Healthcare, 12(2), 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020154
Alzahrani, S. H., Malik, A. A., Bashawri, J., Shaheen, S. A., Shaheen, M. M., Alsaib, A. A., Mubarak, M. A., Ad-am, Y. S., & Abdulwassi, H. K. (2019). Health-promoting lifestyle profile and associated factors among medical students in a Saudi university. SAGE Open Medicine, 7, 2050312119838426. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312119838426
Andraus, G. S., Vieira, F. M., Candido, G. M., Patino, G. P., Bernardelli, R. S., & de Palma, H. L. A. (2023). Associations between lifestyle and sociodemographic factors in medical students: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 13(1), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2023.13.1.73
Arilha, M., Carvalho, A. P., Forster, T. A., Rodrigues, C. V. M., Briguglio, B., & Serruya, S. J. (2024). Wom-en's mental health and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and inequalities. Frontiers in Global Women's Health, 5, 1414355. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2024.1414355
Attia, M., Ibrahim, F. A., Elsady, M. A., Khorkhash, M. K., Rizk, M. A., Shah, J., & Amer, S. A. (2022). Cogni-tive, emotional, physical, and behavioral stress-related symptoms and coping strategies among university students during the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 933981. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933981
Becerra, B., Hernández, E., Córdova, M., Pastor, N., Melgarejo, W. E., Balbuena, H., & Hernández, M. Á. (2024). Validez estructural y fiabilidad de la escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en universi-tarios peruanos. Revista del Hospital Psiquiátrico de La Habana, 21(1), e498. https://revhph.sld.cu/index.php/hph/article/view/498
Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. Harper and Row
Brivio, F., Viganò, A., Paterna, A., Palena, N., & Greco, A. (2023). Narrative review and analysis of the use of "lifestyle" in health psychology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4427. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054427
Carranza, R. F., Caycho, T., Salinas, S. A., Ramírez, M., Campos, C., Chuquista, K., & Pérez, J. (2019). Efec-tividad de intervención basada en modelo de Nola Pender en promoción de estilos de vida salu-dables de universitarios peruanos. Revista Cubana de Enfermería, 35(4), e2859. https://revenfermeria.sld.cu/index.php/enf/article/view/2859
Cassaretto, M., Vilela, P., & Gamarra, L. (2021). Estrés académico en universitarios peruanos: importan-cia de las conductas de salud, características sociodemográficas y académicas. LIBERABIT. Re-vista Peruana De Psicología, 27(2), e482. https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2021.v27n2.07
Çelik, D. Ö., & Haney, M. Ö. (2023). The relationship between depression, healthy lifestyle behaviors and internet addiction: A cross-sectional study of the athlete university students in Turkey. Fron-tiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1222931. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1222931
Córdova, P., Gasser, P., Naranjo, H., La Fuente, I., Grajeda, A., & Sanjinés, A. (2023). Academic stress as a predictor of mental health in university students. Cogent Education, 10(2), 2232686. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2232686
Domínguez, S. (2018). Magnitud del efecto, una guía rápida. Educación Médica, 19(4), 251-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edumed.2017.07.002
Duche, A., Paredes, F., Gutiérrez, O., & Carcausto, L. (2020). Transición secundaria-universidad y la adaptación a la vida universitaria. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 26(3), 244-258. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i3.33245
Espinoza, F. V., & Cárdenas, C. M. (2021). Estrés y depresión en el entorno académico-social durante el 2020 en estudiantes de odontología. Revista Científica Odontológica, 9(4), e080. https://doi.org/10.21142/2523-2754-0904-2021-080
Estrada, E. G., Quispe, Y. A., Ayay, G., & Yupanqui, E. H. (2024). Depresión, ansiedad y estrés como pre-dictores del disfrute de la actividad física en estudiantes universitarios: Un estudio transversal. Retos, 61, 164–172. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.109802
Ezzatvar, Y., Calatayud, J., Andersen, L. L., Escriche-Escuder, A., Aguilar, M., & Casaña, J. (2021). The im-portance of lifestyle factors for work ability among physical therapists: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136714
Farfán, M., Estrada, E., Lavilla, W., Ulloa, N., Calcina, D., Meza, L., Yancachajlla, L., & Rengifo, S. (2023). Mental health in the post-pandemic period: Depression, anxiety, and stress in Peruvian universi-ty students upon return to face-to-face classes. Sustainability, 15(15), 11924. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511924
Farhud D. D. (2015). Impact of Lifestyle on Health. Iranian journal of public health, 44(11), 1442-1444. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/5299
Fell, J., Chaieb, L., & Hoppe, C. (2023). Mind wandering in anxiety disorders: A status report. Neurosci-ence & Biobehavioral Reviews, 155, 105432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105432
Foster, H. M. E., Polz, P., Gill, J. M. R., Celis, C., Mair, F. S., & O'Donnell, C. A. (2023). The influence of soci-oeconomic status on the association between unhealthy lifestyle factors and adverse health outcomes: A systematic review. Wellcome Open Research, 8, 55. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18708.2
Freitas, P. H. B., Meireles, A. L., Ribeiro, I. K. Da S., Abreu, M. N. S., Paula, W., & Cardoso, C. S. (2023). Sín-tomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes del área de la salud e impacto en la calidad de vida. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 31, e3884. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.6315.3884
Gómez, M., Viejo, C., & Ortega, R. (2019). Well-being and romantic relationships: A systematic review in adolescence and emerging adulthood. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 2415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132415
Gravetter, F., & Wallnau, L. (2014). Essentials of statistics for the behavioral sciences (8th ed.). Wadsworth.
Herazo, Y., Nuñez, N., Sánchez, L., Vásquez, F., Lozano, A., Torres-, E., & Valdelamar, A. (2020). Estilos de vida relacionados con la salud en estudiantes universitarios. Retos, 38, 547–551. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.72871
Hoang, V. T. H., & Nguyen, H. T. H. (2022). Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symp-toms among men in a rural area in Vietnam during COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 987686. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.987686
Hoying, J., Melnyk, B. M., Hutson, E., & Tan, A. (2020). Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, stress, healthy beliefs, and lifestyle behaviors in first-year graduate health sciences students. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 17(1), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12415
Kolhar, M., Kazi, R. N. A., & Alameen, A. (2021). Effect of social media use on learning, social interac-tions, and sleep duration among university students. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(4), 2216–2222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.010
Li, M., Xia, L., Yang, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, S., Liu, T., Liu, Y., Kaslow, N. J., Jiang, F., Tang, Y., & Liu, H. (2022). Depression, anxiety, stress, and their associations with quality of life in a nationwide sample of psychiatrists in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 881408. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.881408
Liu, Y., Zhang, H., & Xu, R. (2023). The impact of technology on promoting physical activities and men-tal health: A gender-based study. BMC Psychology, 11(1), 298. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01348-3
Maniaci, G., La Cascia, C., Giammanco, A., Ferraro, L., Palummo, A., Saia, G. F., Pinetti, G., Zarbo, M., & La Barbera, D. (2023). The impact of healthy lifestyles on academic achievement among Italian adolescents. Current Psychology, 42(6), 5055-5061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01614-w
Martinez, R., Pardo, I., Amo, E., & Escribano, F. (2018). Socioeconomic, demographic and lifestyle-related factors associated with unhealthy diet: A cross-sectional study of university students. BMC Public Health, 18, 1241. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6149-3
Martínez-Líbano, J., Torres-Vallejos, J., Oyanedel, J. C., González-Campusano, N., Calderón-Herrera, G., & Yeomans-Cabrera, M.-M. (2023). Prevalence and variables associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among Chilean higher education students, post-pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1139946. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1139946
Montoya, M. R., Fierro, J. C., Madriz, D. A., Ugueto, M. G., Nieto, Z., Moreno, Y., & Bravo, A. J. (2021). Ac-ciones orientadoras para controlar el estrés académico y durante las prácticas profesionales en los estudiantes de enfermería. Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica, 40(8), 867-877. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792270
Moreno, P., Bellón, J. Á., Huibers, M. J. H., Mestre, J. M., García-López, L. J., Taubner, S., Rodríguez, A., Bo-linski, F., Sales, C. M. D., & Conejo, S. (2020). Mediators in psychological and psychoeducational interventions for the prevention of depression and anxiety. A systematic review. Clinical Psy-chology Review, 76, 101813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101813
Nabors, L., Fiser-Gregory, K., Olaniyan, A., Stanton, T., & Merianos, A. (2024). College students' attitudes about ways family, friends, significant others, and media affect their eating and exercise behav-iors and weight perceptions. Journal of American College Health, 72(4), 1296-1308. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2022.2076101
Organización Mundial de la Salud (1998). Glosario de promoción de la salud. OMS. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/64546
Oster, H., & Chaves, I. (2023). Effects of healthy lifestyles on chronic diseases: Diet, sleep and exercise. Nutrients, 15, 4627. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214627
Paricahua, J. N., Estrada, E. G., Ayay, G., Malaga, Y., Romaní, A., Atahuaman, S. M., & Meza, L. A. (2024). Calidad de vida, estilos de vida y actividad física de los estudiantes de la Amazonía peruana: Un estudio transversal. Retos, 61, 606-615. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.109939
Rabanal-León, H. C., Aguilar-Chávez, P. V., Figueroa-Rojas, P. del V., Peralta-Iparraguirre, A. V., Rodri-guez-Azabache, J., & Yupari-Azabache, I. L. (2023). Características asociadas a la depresión, an-siedad y estrés en estudiantes universitarios. Enfermería Global, 22(71), 152-178. https://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.553991
Raghupathi, V., & Raghupathi, W. (2020). The influence of education on health: An empirical assessment of OECD countries for the period 1995–2015. Archives of Public Health, 78, 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-020-00402-5
Ramón, E., Gea, V., Granada, J. M., Juárez, R., Pellicer, B., & Antón, I. (2020). The prevalence of depres-sion, anxiety and stress and their associated factors in college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197001
Ramón-Arbués, E., Gea-Caballero, V., Granada-López, J. M., Juárez-Vela, R., Pellicer-García, B., & Antón-Solanas, I. (2020). The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and their associated factors in college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197001
Remes, O., Mendes, J. F., & Templeton, P. (2021). Biological, psychological, and social determinants of depression: A review of recent literature. Brain Sciences, 11(12), 1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121633
Rezende, A., & Nihei, O. K. (2021). Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in Brazilian university stu-dents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Predictors and association with life satisfaction, psycho-logical well-being and coping strategies. PLOS ONE, 16(10), e0258493. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258493
Rippe, J. M. (2018). Lifestyle medicine: The health-promoting power of daily habits and practices. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 12(6), 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827618785554
Ruiz, A., Benítez, V., Rodríguez, J. A., Rivera, R. C., & Rea, H. (2023). Análisis del estrés académico en es-tudiantes universitarios del área de la salud. CISA, 4(4), 54-82. https://doi.org/10.58299/cisa.v4i4.27
Ruiz, J., Guillén, Á., Pina, D., & Puente, E. (2022). Mental health and healthy habits in university students: A comparative associative study. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 12(2), 114-126. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12020010
Sahin, S., & Tuna, R. (2022). The effect of anxiety on thriving levels of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Collegian, 29(3), 263-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2021.10.004
Saintila, J., Javier-Aliaga, D., Valle-Chafloque, A., Casas-Gálvez, C., Barreto-Espinoza, L. A., & Calizaya-Milla, Y. E. (2024). Sociodemographic aspects, beliefs about lifestyles, and religiosity as predic-tors of life satisfaction in Peruvian university students: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1476544. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1476544
Santana, T. T., Sheets, D., Ribeiro, F. M. S. e S., Santos, C. A. de S. T., Patrão, A. L., & Mussi, F. C. (2023). So-ciodemographic and academic factors associated with unhealthy lifestyle among Brazilian nursing students. Nursing & Health Sciences, 25(2), 239–246. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.13021
Silva, M. F., López, J. J., & Meza, M. E. C. (2020). Estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios. Investi-gación y Ciencia de La Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 28(79), 75-83. https://doi.org/10.33064/iycuaa2020792960
Sinval, J., Oliveira, P., Novais, F., Almeida, C. M., & Telles, D. (2025). Exploring the impact of depression, anxiety, stress, academic engagement, and dropout intention on medical students’ academic performance: A prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 368, 665-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.116
Slimmen, S., Timmermans, O., Mikolajczak-Degrauwe, K., & Oenema, A. (2022). How stress-related fac-tors affect mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study to explore the asso-ciations between stressors, perceived stress, and mental wellbeing. PloS One, 17(11), e0275925. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275925
Tan, G. X. D., Soh, X. C., Hartanto, A., Goh, A. Y. H., & Majeed, N. M. (2023). Prevalence of anxiety in col-lege and university students: An umbrella review. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 14, 100658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100658
Taques, F. da S., Muraro, A. P., Rodrigues, P. R. M., Sichieri, R., Pereira, R. A., & Ferreira, M. G. (2021). Lifestyle-related behaviors and depressive symptoms in college students. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 37(10), e00202920. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00202920
Tolentino, J. C., & Schmidt, S. L. (2018). DSM-5 criteria and depression severity: Implications for clinical practice. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 450. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00450
Usher, W., & Curran, C. (2019). Predicting Australia's university students' mental health status. Health Promotion International, 34(2), 312–322. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dax091
Valencia, K. B., Sánchez, H., Vázquez, P., Zarate, P., & Paz, D. B. (2023). Stress: A brief update. Interna-tional Journal of Psychological Research, 16(2), 105-121. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5815
Valentim, O., Vilelas, J., Carvalho, J. C., Andrade, C. M. S. M., Tomás, C., Costa, P. S., & Sequeira, C. (2022). The relation between lifestyles and positive mental health in Portuguese higher education stu-dents. Global Health Promotion, 30(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/17579759221112552
Veramendi, N. G., Portocarero, E., & Espinoza, F. E. (2020). Estilos de vida y calidad de vida en estudian-tes universitarios en tiempo de Covid-19. Revista Universidad y Sociedad, 12(6), 246-251. https://rus.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/rus/article/view/1839
Whatnall, M., Patterson, A., Brookman, S., Convery, P., Swan, C., Pease, S., & Hutchesson, M. (2020). Life-style behaviors and related health risk factors in a sample of Australian university students. Journal of American College Health, 68(7), 734-741. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1611580
Woessner, M. N., Tacey, A., Levinger, A., Parker, A. G., Levinger, P., & Levinger, I. (2021). The evolution of technology and physical inactivity: The good, the bad, and the way forward. Frontiers in Pub-lic Health, 9, 655491. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.655491
Zhang, Y., Jia, X., Yang, Y., Sun, N., Shi, S., & Wang, W. (2024). Change in the global burden of depression from 1990–2019 and its prediction for 2030. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 178, 16-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.054
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Edwin Gustavo Estrada-Araoz, Elizabeth Orfelia Cruz-Laricano, Jhemy Quispe-Aquise, Gilber Chura-Quispe, Yolanda Paredes-Valverde, Rosel Quispe-Herrera, Néstor Antonio Gallegos-Ramos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
