Efectos del entrenamiento con volante de inercia en los factores de riesgo de la tendinopatía: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.113782Palabras clave:
Ejercicio terapéutico, medicina deportiva, modalidades de terapia física, tendinopatíaResumen
Introducción: Las tendinopatías son altamente prevalentes, especialmente entre los atletas. Este estudio analiza la evidencia científica sobre los efectos del entrenamiento con volante de inercia en los factores de riesgo de la tendinopatía.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, con búsquedas en CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y estudios clínicos que evaluaban ejercicios de resistencia con volante de inercia para la tendinopatía. Se excluyeron estudios que no valorasen cambios funcionales, morfológicos o fisiológicos en el tendón. Tres revisores extrajeron y evaluaron la calidad de los datos de manera independiente.
Resultados: Cinco estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, con adultos deportistas en riesgo o diagnosticados con tendinopatía rotuliana, así como atletas sanos. Los protocolos de entrenamiento duraron entre seis y 24 semanas. La mayoría de los estudios reportaron mejoras significativas en fuerza y potencia, además de cambios estructurales como aumento del área transversal del tendón y reducción de su temperatura.
Conclusiones: El entrenamiento con volante de inercia mejora la fuerza, la potencia y la adaptación del tendón en individuos físicamente activos. No obstante, se requieren estudios a gran escala y con mayor seguimiento para confirmar su efectividad en poblaciones más amplias y en la prevención de tendinopatías.
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