Eficacia de los programas basados en el fútbol para el desarrollo comunitario: una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis

Autores/as

  • Soemardiawan Soemardiawan Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika
  • Fitri Anggraini Hariyanto Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika
  • Sekar Pudak Wangi Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika
  • Intan Primayanti Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika
  • Uray Gustian Universitas Tanjungpura https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-5861

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.111492

Palabras clave:

soccer-based programs, social engagement, community development, program evaluation

Resumen

Introducción: Los programas basados en el fútbol han ganado reconocimiento como herramientas eficaces para el desarrollo comunitario, aprovechando el atractivo universal de los deportes para fomentar el crecimiento personal y social. Estos programas abordan la desigualdad social, el empoderamiento de los jóvenes y los retos de cohesión comunitaria.

Propósito: Esta revisión sistemática y meta-análisis evalúan la efectividad de las intervenciones basadas en el fútbol para promover la responsabilidad personal, el compromiso social y el bienestar general. Métodos: Se analizaron seis estudios que cumplían los criterios de inclusión siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. Estos estudios, que empleaban diseños experimentales o cuasi-experimentales, proporcionaron datos cuantitativos para el meta-análisis. Además, se realizó una síntesis cualitativa para explorar los impactos más amplios de estos programas sobre el desarrollo personal y la responsabilidad social. Resultados: Los resultados indican que los programas basados en el fútbol mejoran significativamente la responsabilidad personal, el compromiso social y el bienestar psicológico, especialmente entre los jóvenes y las poblaciones marginadas. Sin embargo, se observaron retos como el equilibrio entre la autonomía individual y los objetivos colectivos y la variabilidad en las mejoras de la autoestima y la vitalidad. El metanálisis demostró un tamaño del efecto pequeño pero estadísticamente significativo (DME = 0,21; IC del 95% [0,15; 0,28]). La elevada heterogeneidad entre los estudios (I² = 100%) sugiere variabilidad en el diseño del programa, la demografía de los participantes y los factores contextuales. Conclusiones: Los programas basados en el fútbol tienen un potencial transformador para el desarrollo personal y comunitario, aunque es necesario perfeccionarlos. La investigación futura debe explorar diseños de programas específicos del contexto, incorporar la formación profesional y el Aprendizaje Social y Emocional (SEL), y llevar a cabo estudios longitudinales para evaluar los impactos a largo plazo. A pesar de los retos inherentes, las iniciativas estructuradas basadas en el fútbol siguen siendo herramientas prometedoras para avanzar en los objetivos de desarrollo comunitario a través del deporte.

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Publicado

2025-04-02

Cómo citar

Soemardiawan, S., Hariyanto, F. A., Wangi, S. P., Primayanti, I., & Gustian, U. (2025). Eficacia de los programas basados en el fútbol para el desarrollo comunitario: una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis. Retos, 67, 206–215. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.111492

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Sección

Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

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