Estudio longitudinal de las zonas de carga y el rendimiento en el fútbol de élite: análisis multivariante y aprendizaje automático
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.111326Palabras clave:
Fútbol, sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS), análisis del rendimiento, deporte de equipo, sistema de seguimiento portátilResumen
Introducción: Los avances tecnológicos recientes han revolucionado el monitoreo de los atletas, permitiendo que los clubes de fútbol de todo el mundo utilicen sensores integrados para rastrear el rendimiento de los jugadores. Sin embargo, la interpretación de los vastos y complejos datos generados por estos sensores sigue siendo un desafío para entrenadores y analistas.
Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar las cargas de partido más significativas que influyen en el rendimiento de los jugadores.
Metodología: Se recopilaron datos del Terengganu Football Club (TFC) durante la temporada 2022 de la Superliga de Malasia. Se empleó el algoritmo de agrupamiento Louvain para clasificar los niveles de rendimiento de los jugadores, mientras que la regresión logística (modelo logit) identificó las zonas de carga clave asociadas con diferentes niveles de rendimiento. La prueba de Kruskal-Wallis se utilizó para validar las diferencias entre estos grupos.
Resultados: Los datos recopilados permitieron identificar tres grupos de rendimiento: moderado (10 partidos), alto (7 partidos) y bajo (5 partidos). De las 20 zonas de carga analizadas, 15 fueron significativas, logrando una precisión inicial de clasificación del 72,7%. Tras aplicar la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, se aislaron siete métricas de carga clave, mejorando la precisión de clasificación al 86,4%.
Discusión: Los hallazgos proporcionan información sobre métricas clave relacionadas con la carga, ayudando a los entrenadores a comprender su impacto en el rendimiento de los jugadores. Estos conocimientos pueden orientar la gestión de la carga de trabajo y los ajustes en el entrenamiento para mejorar la eficiencia de los jugadores y reducir el riesgo de lesiones.
Conclusiones: Este estudio ofrece una guía valiosa para la optimización de los programas de entrenamiento y el desarrollo de estrategias más efectivas para mejorar el rendimiento de los equipos en el fútbol moderno.
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