Estrés térmico y respuestas fisiológicas en atletas de jiu-jitsu brasileño sometidos a peleas simuladas en un ambiente caluroso

Autores/as

  • Diogo Vieira Pereira Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil;
  • Pedro Forte CI-ISCE, ISCE Douro, Penafiel, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6780
  • Luciano Bernardes Leite Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
  • Joana Ribeiro CI-ISCE, Instituto Superior de Ciências Educativas do Douro (ISCE Douro), Penafiel, Portugal;
  • Mário Cachada Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educacional Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal;
  • Wladimir Bolani Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Guilherme de Azambuja Pussieldi Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Florestal, Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0275-5226
  • Leonardo Mateus Teixeira Rezende Federal Institute Goiano, Ceres, Goiás, Brazil
  • Eduardo Mendonça Pimenta School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0381-1119
  • Christian Emmanuel Torres Cabido Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4800-0128
  • Mario Norberto Sevilio de Oliveira Junior Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9733-6659
  • Thiago Teixeira Mendes Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-4020
  • Christiano Eduardo Veneroso Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-3270

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.111013

Palabras clave:

Termorregulación. Atletas. Fisiológico. Jiu-Jitsu brasileño. Marcial.

Resumen

Objetivo: Analizar el estrés térmico y los cambios en las variables fisiológicas en peleas simuladas de BJJ en un ambiente caluroso.

Metodología: El estudio incluyó a 12 atletas masculinos, que comprendían 11 cinturones negros y 1 cinturón marrón. Los atletas se dividieron en parejas según sus categorías y hubo cuatro combates de 10 minutos con 10 minutos de descanso entre combates en un ambiente cubierto, durante la noche, con una temperatura ambiente (TA) de 29,3 ± 0,5ºC y una humedad relativa del aire (URA) de 75,9 ± 1,1%. Se evaluaron las variables frecuencia cardíaca (FC), lactato, temperatura gastrointestinal (Tgi) y temperatura de la piel (Tskin), agarre de la mano, tasa de deshidratación, sudoración total y densidad específica de la orina. Los datos de FC, lactato y Tgi se recogieron antes de comenzar las peleas simuladas (pre 1, 2, 3 y 4), inmediatamente después del final de cada pelea (post 1, 2, 3 y 4). Todas las demás variables se recopilaron durante el período de referencia, que corresponde al período previo a la pelea 1, y en las evaluaciones posteriores a la pelea (post pelea 1, 2, 3 y 4).

Resultados: Hubo una reducción significativa en la masa corporal después de la pelea en comparación con las peleas pre-simuladas (p < 0,001). A pesar de la hidratación ad libitum, los atletas pasaron de un estado euhidratado a una deshidratación significativa a severa al final del protocolo. Los valores de FC fueron significativamente más altos después de la pelea (post 1, 2, 3, 4) en comparación con el descanso (pre-1) (p < 0,001). Los niveles de lactato en sangre aumentaron después de la pelea (post 1, 2, 3, 4) en comparación con el descanso (pre-1). Tgi aumentó significativamente después de la primera pelea (post 1, 2, 3, 4) en comparación con el descanso (pre 1) (p < 0,001) y se mantuvo estable hasta la cuarta pelea. Tskin mostró un aumento después de la pelea (post 1, 2, 3) en comparación con el descanso (pre-1) (p < 0,001).

Conclusiones: Los mecanismos termorreguladores fueron suficientes para mantener el control térmico durante las peleas simuladas de BJJ.

Citas

Abi Deivanayagam, T., Selvarajah, S., Hickel, J., Guinto, R. R., de Morais Sato, P., Bonifacio, J., ... & Deva-kumar, D. (2023). Climate change, health, and discrimination: action towards racial justice. The Lancet, 401(10370), 5–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02182-1

Akerman, A. P., Tipton, M., Minson, C. T., & Cotter, J. D. (2016). Heat stress and

dehydration in adapting for performance: good, bad, both, or neither? Temperature, 3(3), 412–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2016.1216255

Andreato, L. V., de Moraes, S. F., de Moraes Gomes, T. L., Esteves, J. D. C., Andreato, T. V., & Franchini, E. (2011). Estimated aerobic power, muscular strength and flexibility in elite Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athletes. Science & Sports, 26(6), 329–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2010.12.015

Andreato, L. V., Julio, U. F., Panissa, V. L. G., Esteves, J. V. D. C., Hardt, F., de Moraes, S. M. F., ... & Franchini, E. (2015). Brazilian jiu-jitsu simulated competition part II: Physical performance, time-motion, technical-tactical analyses, and perceptual responses. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(7). https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000819

Argaud, L., Ferry, T., Le, Q. H., Marfisi, A., Ciorba, D., Achache, P., ... & Robert, D. (2007). Short- and long-term outcomes of heatstroke following the 2003 heat wave in Lyon, France. Archives of Inter-nal Medicine, 167(20), 2177–2183. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.20.ioi70147

Beneke, R., Leithäuser, R. M., & Ochentel, O. (2011). Blood lactate diagnostics in exercise testing and training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6(1), 8–24. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.6.1.8

Bergeron, M., Bahr, R., Bärtsch, P., Bourdon, L., Calbet, J., Carlsen, K., Carlsen, K., Carlsen, K., Castagna, O., González-Alonso, J., Lundby, C., Maughan, R., Millet, G., Mountjoy, M., Mountjoy, M., Racinais, S., Rasmussen, P., Rasmussen, P., Subudhi, A., Young, A., Soligard, T., & Engebretsen, L. (2012). In-ternational Olympic Committee consensus statement on thermoregulatory and altitude chal-lenges for high-level athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46, 770 - 779. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091296.

Blomqvist, T. M. (2021). Brazilian jiu-jitsu as social and psychological therapy: a systematic review. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(3), 1544–1552. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.03196

Bois, D. (1989). A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. 1916. Nutrition, 5, 303.

Bradbury, P., Fox, R., Goldsmith, R., & Hampton, I. (1964). O efeito do exercício na regulação da tempe-ratura. The Journal of Physiology , 171. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007384 .

Brandt R, Bevilacqua GG, Crocetta TB, Monteiro CBDM, Guarnieri R, Hobold E, Flores LJF, Miarka B, An-drade A. (2021). Comparisons of mood states associated with outcomes achieved by female and male athletes in high-level judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu championships: Psychological factors as-sociated with the probability of success. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(9), 2518–2524. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003218

Byrne, C., & Lim, C. L. (2007). The ingestible telemetric body core temperature sensor: A review of va-lidity and exercise applications. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(3), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.026344

Carvalho, G. N., Barcellos, L. C., dos Santos, C. F. M., de Mello, V. M., Soto, D. A. S., Aedo-Muñoz, E., ... & Miarka, B. (2022). Analysis of acute responses from cellular injury biomarkers and oxidative stress in Brazilian jiu-jitsu combat. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(5), 1327–1332. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.05166

Castarlenas, J. L., & Solé, J. (1997). El entrenamiento de la resistencia en los deportes de lucha con aga-rre: una propuesta integradora. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 1(47), 81–87.

Coswig, V. S., Gentil, P., Bueno, J. C., Follmer, B., Marques, V. A., & Del Vecchio, F. B. (2018). Physical fit-ness predicts technical-tactical and time-motion profile in simulated judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu matches. PeerJ, 6, e4851. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4851

Cramer, M. N., & Jay, O. (2016). Biophysical aspects of human thermoregulation during heat stress. Au-tonomic Neuroscience, 196, 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2016.03.001

Da Silva, B. V. C., Júnior, M. M., De Monteiro, G. G. F. S., Junior, L. O. S., de Moura Simim, M. A., Mendes, E. L., & da Mota, G. R. (2013). Blood lactate response after Brazilian jiu-jitsu simulated matches. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 16(5).

Da Silva, B. V. C., Júnior, M. M., De Monteiro, G. G. F. S., Junior, L. O. S., de Moura Simim, M. A., Mendes, E. L., & da Mota, G. R. (2013). Blood Lactate Response After Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Simulated Matches. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 16(5).

Da Silva, T., Santos, A., Barreto, T., Macedo, F., De Melo, V., Santana, M., De Moraes, R., & Mota, M. (2020). Jiu-jitsu match elevates myocardial work and causes post-exercise hypotension in master cate-gory athletes. RBFE - Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício, 19, 224. https://doi.org/10.33233/rbfe.v19i3.4014

Dal Bello, F., Brito, C. J., Amtmann, J., & Miarka, B. (2019). Ending MMA combat: Specific grappling tech-niques according to the type of the outcome. Journal of Human Kinetics, 67(1), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0081

Dos Santos, D. A., Miarka, B., Dal Bello, F., Queiroz, A. C. C., de Carvalho, P. H. B., Brito, C. J., & Beneke, R. (2019). 10 years on time–motion and motor actions of paired mixed martial arts athletes. In-ternational Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(3), 399–402. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0566

Duffield, R., McCall, A., Coutts, A., & Peiffer, J. (2012). Hydration, sweat and thermoregulatory responses to professional football training in the heat. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30, 957–965. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.689432

Ebi, K. L., Exuzides, K. A., Lau, E., Kelsh, M., & Barnston, A. (2004). Weather changes associated with hos-pitalizations for cardiovascular diseases and stroke in California, 1983–1998. International Journal of Biometeorology, 49(1), 48–58.

Fernandes, J. R., Dal Bello, F., Duarte, M. A. D. B., de Carvalho, P. H., Queiroz, A. C. C., Brito, C. J., & Miarka, B. (2018). Effect of rule changes on technical-tactical actions correlated with injury incidence in professional mixed martial arts. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(3), 1713–1721. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2018.03250

Franchini, E., Bezerra, P. L., Oliveira, R. S. F., Souza, L. D., & Oliveira, D. D. (2005). Concentração de lacta-to sanguíneo, frequência cardíaca e força de preensão manual durante um combate de jiu-jitsu. Corpoconsciência, 9(1), 35–44.

Gasparetto, T., & Nesseler, C. (2020). Diverse Effects of Thermal Conditions on Performance of Mara-thon Runners. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01438.

González‐Alonso, J., Crandall, C. G., & Johnson, J. M. (2008). The cardiovascular challenge of exercising in the heat. The Journal of Physiology, 586(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.142158

González-Alonso, J., Mora‐Rodriguez, R., Below, P., & Coyle, E. (1997). Dehydration markedly impairs cardiovascular function in hyperthermic endurance athletes during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 82(4), 1229–1236. https://doi.org/10.1152/JAPPL.1997.82.4.1229

Howe, A. S., & Boden, B. P. (2007). Heat-related illness in athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medi-cine, 35(8), 1384–1395. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507305013

Jessen, C. (2001). The Skin as a Source of Temperature Signals. , 7-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59461-8_2.

Jones, N., & Ledford, E. (2012). Força e condicionamento para o jiu-jitsu brasileiro. Strength and Condi-tioning Journal , 34, 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e3182405476 .

Judelson, D. A., Maresh, C. M., Anderson, J. M., Armstrong, L. E., Casa, D. J., Kraemer, W. J., & Volek, J. S. (2007). Hydration and muscular performance: Does fluid balance affect strength, power and high-intensity endurance? Sports Medicine, 37, 907–921. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737100-00006

Leyk, D., Hoitz, J., Becker, C., Glitz, K. J., Nestler, K., & Piekarski, C. (2019). Health risks and interventions in exertional heat stress. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 116(31-32), 537. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.0537

Lorenzo, S., Halliwill, J. R., Sawka, M. N., & Minson, C. T. (2010). Heat acclimation improves exercise performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 109(4), 1140–1147. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00495.2010

Mastalerz, A., Johne, M., Mróz, A., Bojarczuk, A., Šťastný, P., Petr, M., Kolinger, D., Pisz, A., Vostatková, P., & Maculewicz, E. (2024). Changes of anaerobic power and lactate concentration following in-tense glycolytic efforts in elite and sub-elite 400-meter sprinters. Journal of Human Kinetics, 91, 165–174. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/186074

McCubbin, A., Allanson, B., Odgers, J., Cort, M., Costa, R., Cox, G., Crawshay, S., Desbrow, B., Freney, E., Gaskell, S., Hughes, D., Irwin, C., Jay, O., Lalor, B., Ross, M., Shaw, G., Périard, J., & Burke, L. (2020). Sports Dietitians Australia Position Statement: Nutrition for exercise in hot environ-ments. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0300

Mündel, T. (2020). Thermoregulatory sweating and evaporative heat loss during exercise: is the whole greater than the sum of its parts?. The Journal of Physiology, 598. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP279944.

Nielsen, B., & Nybo, L. (2003). Cerebral changes during exercise in the heat. Sports Medicine, 33, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333010-00001

Nilsson, J., Csergö, S., Gullstrand, L., Tveit, P., & Refsnes, P. E. (2002). Work-time profile, blood lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion in the 1998 Greco-Roman Wrestling World Championship. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(11), 939–945. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102320761822

Nybo, L., Secher, N. H., & Nielsen, B. (2002). Inadequate heat release from the human brain during pro-longed exercise with hyperthermia. The Journal of Physiology, 545(2), 697–704. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2002.030023

Plakias, S., Tsatalas, T., Mina, M., Kokkotis, C., Flouris, A., & Giakas, G. (2024). The Impact of Heat Expo-sure on the Health and Performance of Soccer Players: A Narrative Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Sports, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12090249.

Popowski LA, Oppliger RA, Patrick Lambert G, Johnson RF, Kim Johnson A, Gisolf CV. Blood and urinary measures of hydration status during progressive acute dehydration. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 May;33(5):747-53. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200105000-00011.

Roberts, M. F., Wenger, C. B., Stolwijk, J. A., & Nadel, E. R. (1977). Skin blood flow and sweating changes following exercise training and heat acclimation. Journal of Applied Physiology, 43(1), 133–137. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1977.43.1.133

Rodrigues, R., Baroni, B. M., Pompermayer, M. G., de Oliveira Lupion, R., Geremia, J. M., Meyer, F., & Vaz, M. A. (2014). Effects of acute dehydration on neuromuscular responses of exercised and nonex-ercised muscles after exercise in the heat. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(12), 3531–3536. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000578

Rollo, I., Randell, R., Baker, L., Leyes, J., Leal, M., Lizarraga, A., Mesalles, J., Jeukendrup, A., James, L., & Carter, J. (2021). Fluid balance, sweat Na+ losses, and carbohydrate intake of elite male soccer players in response to low and high training intensities in cool and hot environments. Nutrients, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020401

Sabou, V., Rush, C., Mason, L., Dupont, G., & Louis, J. (2020). Effects of training intensity and environ-mental condition on the hydration status of elite football players. Science and Medicine in Foot-ball, 4, 329–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1761558

Schlader, Z., Sackett, J., Sarker, S., & Johnson, B. (2018). Orderly recruitment of thermoeffectors in rest-ing humans.. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiol-ogy, 314 2, R171-R180 . https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00324.2017.

Silva, B., Júnior, M., Simim, M., Franchini, E., & Mota, G. (2014). Performance in kimono grip strength tests among Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioners from different levels. Journal of combat sports and martial arts, 5, 11-15. https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1127447.

Slimani, M., Znazen, H., Sellami, M., & Davis, P. (2018). Heart rate monitoring during combat sports matches: A brief review. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(2), 273–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2018.1469080

Villar, R., Gillis, J., Santana, G., Pinheiro, D. S., & Almeida, A. L. (2018). Association between anaerobic metabolic demands during simulated Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu combat and specific Jiu-Jitsu anaerobic performance test. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(2), 432-440.

Watso, J., & Farquhar, W. (2019). Hydration status and cardiovascular function. Nutrients, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081866

World Meteorological Organization. (2020). 2020 was one of three warmest years on record. World Meteorological Organization. Available at: https://wmo.int/media/news/2020-was-one-of-three-warmest-years-record. Accessed on: October 30, 2024.

Descargas

Publicado

2025-04-01

Cómo citar

Vieira Pereira, D., Forte, P., Bernardes Leite, L., Ribeiro, J., Cachada, M., Bolani, W., … Veneroso, C. E. (2025). Estrés térmico y respuestas fisiológicas en atletas de jiu-jitsu brasileño sometidos a peleas simuladas en un ambiente caluroso. Retos, 67, 95–106. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.111013

Número

Vol. 67 (2025)

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2025 Diogo Vieira Pereira, Pedro Forte, Luciano Bernardes Leite, Joana Ribeiro, Mário Cachada, Wladimir Bolani, Guilherme de Azambuja Pussieldi, Leonardo Mateus Teixeira Rezende, Eduardo Mendonça Pimenta, Christian Emmanuel Torres Cabido, Mario Norberto Sevilio de Oliveira Junior, Thiago Teixeira Mendes, Christiano Eduardo Veneroso

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.

Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:

    1. Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
    2. Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
    3. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).

Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess