Modelo de actividad multilateral: mejora de la motricidad gruesa en niños
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.110796Palabras clave:
Modelo, Actividad multilateral, Motricidad gruesa infantil, Atletas jóvenesResumen
Introducción: El desarrollo motor grueso de los niños es fundamental para su crecimiento físico y cognitivo. Sin embargo, muchos niños presentan dificultades en este aspecto. Los modelos de actividad multilateral que involucran diversos movimientos corporales pueden ser eficaces para estimular y mejorar la motricidad gruesa en la primera infancia.
Objetivo: Este estudio busca determinar si los modelos de actividad multilateral pueden mejorar la motricidad gruesa de los niños. El instrumento utilizado es la Prueba Motora Básica con guía de movimiento para medir su impacto, con una estrategia de investigación grupal preexperimental pre-test-post-test y utilizando la Prueba de Motricidad Gruesa.
Resultados: La prueba de normalidad con Kolmogorov-Smirnov mostró un valor de significancia de 0,00 para el pretest y el postest de la actividad multilateral, lo que significa que los datos no se distribuyen normalmente porque el valor de significancia es menor que 0,05 (0,00 < 0,05). La prueba de Wilcoxon mostró un aumento positivo del pretest al postest, con un aumento promedio en la calificación de 17,00 y una calificación total de 561,00 de 33 participantes. Cinco encuestados obtuvieron exactamente el mismo valor. Los resultados de la prueba de Wilcoxon mostraron un valor significativo de 0,00, inferior a 0,05, por lo que se acepta la hipótesis. Esta evidencia confirma que la actividad multilateral tiene un efecto significativo en el aumento de la motricidad gruesa de los niños. Además, la prueba de determinación mostró un valor R-cuadrado de 0,977, lo que significa que el 97,7 % de la motricidad gruesa de los niños se puede explicar por la influencia de la actividad multilateral.
Conclusión: Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que la variable de resultado de la actividad multilateral tiene una influencia significativa en la variable de resultado de motricidad gruesa.
Citas
Andermo, S., Hallgren, M., Nguyen, T. T. D., Jonsson, S., Petersen, S., Friberg, M., Romqvist, A., Stubbs, B., & Elinder, L. S. (2020). School-related physical activity interventions and mental health among children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine - Open, 6(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-020-00254-x
Asmus, E. P., & Radocy, R. E. (2017). Quantitative analysis. In Critical Essays in Music Education (pp. 129–171). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22675-6_3
Barnett, L. M., Hnatiuk, J. A., Salmon, J., & Hesketh, K. D. (2019). Modifiable factors which predict children’s gross motor competence: A prospective cohort study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0888-0
Barnett, L. M., Lai, S. K., Veldman, S. L. C., Hardy, L. L., Cliff, D. P., Morgan, P. J., Zask, A., Lubans, D. R., Shultz, S. P., Ridgers, N. D., Rush, E., Brown, H. L., & Okely, A. D. (2016). Correlates of Gross Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 46(11), 1663–1688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0495-z
Bompa, .O. Tudor & Buzzichelli, C. (2015). Periodization Training for Sport.United States. Human kinetics. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=rfFsBgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=sports&ots=lDEiTeYjsC&sig=n5pb2Kv267G8xoa4pxxlkv1y-Gc%0Ahttps://mdthinducollege.org/ebooks/training_methods/Periodization_Training_for_Sports.pdf
Bukvić, Z., Ćirović, D., & Nikolić, D. (2021). The importance of physical activity for the development of motor skills of younger school age children. Medicinski Podmladak, 72(2), 34–39. https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-31878
Capehart, G. M. (2001). Total Training for Young Champions. In Pediatric Physical Therapy (Vol. 13, Issue 1). Human Kinetics. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001577-200113010-00013
Cataldi, S., Latino, F., Greco, G., & Fischetti, F. (2019). Multilateral training improves physical fitness and fatigue perception in cancer patients. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14(Proc4), S916–S926. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.Proc4.54
Dai, I. S., Lengkan, A. S., Dinangsit, D., & Razali, R. (2024). Athletes’ Sleep Quality: Performance Study in Football Clubs Aged 13-15 Years. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(4), 896–904. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1486231
Dapp, L. C., Gashaj, V., & Roebers, C. M. (2021). Physical activity and motor skills in children: A differentiated approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 54, 101916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101916
Dillmann, J., Freitag, C., Lorenz, B., Holve, K., Schweinfurth, S., & Schwarzer, G. (2021). Motor and Visual-spatial Cognitive Abilities in Children Treated for Infantile Esotropia. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 128(4), 1443–1463. https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125211011726
Dillmann, J., Schwarzer, G., & Peterlein, C. D. (2019). Motor and cognitive functioning in children treated for idiopathic clubfoot at the age of 3 years. BMC Pediatrics, 19(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1765-3
Donnelly, J. E., Hillman, C. H., Castelli, D., Etnier, J. L., Lee, S., Tomporowski, P., Lambourne, K., & Szabo-Reed, A. N. (2016). Physical activity, fitness, cognitive function, and academic achievement in children: a systematic review. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 48(6), 1197.
Fernandes, A. C., Viegas, Â. A., Lacerda, A. C. R., Nobre, J. N. P., Morais, R. L. D. S., Figueiredo, P. H. S., Costa, H. S., Camargos, A. C. R., Ferreira, F. D. O., de Freitas, P. M., Santos, T., da Silva Júnior, F. A., Bernardo-Filho, M., Taiar, R., Sartorio, A., & Mendonça, V. A. (2022). Association between executive functions and gross motor skills in overweight/obese and eutrophic preschoolers: cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics, 22(1), 498. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03553-2
Fischetti, F., & Greco, G. (2017). Multilateral methods in physical education improve physical capacity and motor skills performance of the youth. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(4), 2160–2168. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2017.s4223
Flavier, E., Bertone, S., Hauw, D., & Durand, M. (2002). The meaning and organization of physical education teachers’ actions during conflict with students. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 22(1), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.22.1.20
Gao, Z., & Wang, R. (2019). Children’s motor skill competence, physical activity, fitness, andhealthpromotion. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 8(2), 95.
García-Hermoso, A., Hormazábal-Aguayo, I., Fernández-Vergara, O., González-Calderón, N., Russell-Guzmán, J., Vicencio-Rojas, F., Chacana-Cañas, C., & Ramírez-Vélez, R. (2020). A before-school physical activity intervention to improve cognitive parameters in children: The Active-Start study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 30(1), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13537
Goodway, J. D., Famelia, R., & Bakhtiar, S. (2014). Future directions in physical education & sport: Developing fundamental motor competence in the early years is paramount to lifelong physical activity. Asian Social Science, 10(5), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n5p44
Greco, G. (2020). Multilateral Training Using Physical Activity and Social Games Improves Motor Skills And Executive Function In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. European Journal of Special Education Research, 5(4), 26–42. www.oapub.org/edu
Greco, G., Cataldi, S., & Fischetti, F. (2019). Effectiveness of a short after-school intervention on physical fitness in school-aged children extracurricular multilateral training improves physical fitness in children. Ricerche Di Pedagogia e Didattica, 14(1), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1970-2221/9217
Guntoro, T. S., Prasetyo, Y., Fariz Prima Putra, M., Agung Nanda, F., Pambudi, T., & Nurhidayah, D. (2025). Design feasibility test instrument for sports tourism domain contextual events based on local wisdom. Retos, 64, 381–393. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64.109450
Hidayat, C., Lengkana, A. S., Fauzi, R. A., Rohyana, A., Rosalina, M., Hermawan, D. B., & Purwanto, D. (2022). Levelling System Model: Approach to Physical Literacy. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 21(11), 334–356. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.11.19
Hidyah, T. (2011). Latihan Multilateral Alternatif Untuk Meningkatkan Kondisi Fisik Pemain Bola Basket. Jurnal Media Ilmu Keolahragaan Indonesia, 1(2), 104–111.
Jafar, M., Rinaldy, A., & Yunus, M. (2023). Improving Student Motor Skills through a Structured Physical Training Program. Journal of Advances in Sports and Physical Education, 6(05), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.36348/jaspe.2023.v06i05.003
Lengkana, A. S., Muhtar, T., Supriyadi, T., Safari, I., Kemala, A., Ginting, A., & Raswin. (2024). The DR-GOS Model: Early Detection of the Potential of Children with Disabilities through a Sports Education Approach. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 12(1), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2024.120107
Lengkana, A. S., Tangkudung, J., & Asmawi, A. (2019). The effectiveness of thigh lift exercises using rubber on the ability of acceleration on sprint runs. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1318(1), 12031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1318/1/012031
Liu, J., Li, Y., Zhou, T., Lu, Y., Sang, M., Li, L., Fang, C., Hu, W., Sun, X., Quan, M., & Liu, J. (2022). Relationship Between Gross Motor Skills and Inhibitory Control in Preschool Children: A Pilot Study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 16, 848230. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.848230
Lumintuarso, R. (2019). Multilateral Training Model in Sport Performance. 2nd International Conference on Sports Sciences and Health 2018 (2nd ICSSH 2018). https://doi.org/10.2991/icssh-18.2019.35
Lumintuarso, R. (2020). The analysis of implementation and implementing strategy of multilateral development in sport training sessions on young athletes in Indonesia. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 8(6), 428–437. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2020.080615
Malambo, C., Nová, A., Clark, C., & Musálek, M. (2022). Associations between Fundamental Movement Skills, Physical Fitness, Motor Competency, Physical Activity, and Executive Functions in Pre-School Age Children: A Systematic Review. Children, 9(7), 1059. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9071059
Mastrogianni, A., Psychountaki, M., & Donti, O. (2020). Self-perceptions and self-esteem in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts: Is training level a determinant? Science of Gymnastics Journal, 12(3), 357–366. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.12.3.357-366
Melby, P. S., Elsborg, P., Nielsen, G., Lima, R. A., Bentsen, P., & Andersen, L. B. (2021). Exploring the importance of diversified physical activities in early childhood for later motor competence and physical activity level: a seven-year longitudinal study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11343-1
Muhtar, T., Supriyadi, T., & Lengkana, A. S. (2020). Character development-based physical education learning model in primary school. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 8(6), 337–354. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2020.080605
Muhtar, T., Supriyadi, T., Lengkana, A. S., & Cukarso, S. H. I. (2021). Character education in physical education learning model: A bibliometric study on 2011-2020 scopus database. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(6), 1189–1203. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090613
Mulya, G., Lengkana, A. S., & Agustryani, R. (2021). Tennbastech: A scientific approach to teach tennis. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(6), 1371–1382. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090633
Mulya, G., Lengkana, A. S., Agustryani, R., Dinangsit, D., Susilawati, D., Nurodin, D., & Rosalina, M. (2023). Brain Jogging: Cognitive Abilities of Beginner Tennis Players. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(6), 1327–1336. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2023.110617
Nurulfa, R. (2017). Pengembangan Model Latihan Lari Cepat Berbasis Multilateral Untuk Anak Sekolah Dasar. Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 8(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.21009/gjik.081.03
Perič, T., & Komínková, L. (2021). The relationship between multilateral development and specific sport skill acquisition in middle childhood. https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/126751
Plazibat, K., Karuc, J., & Vidranski, T. (2021). Effects of different multi-year physical exercise programs on motor skills in preschool children. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(3), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/JFMK6030074
Pushkina, N. (2024). Developing Social Skills Through Rhythmic Gymnastics in American sport. Futurity of Social Sciences, 2(2), 79–102. https://doi.org/10.57125/fs.2024.06.20.05
Rai, N., & Thapa, B. (2019). A study on purposive sampling method in research. Kathmandu:Kathmandu School of Law, 5(1), 1–12. http://stattrek.com/survey-research/sampling-methods.aspx?Tutorial=AP,%0Ahttp://www.academia.edu/28087388
Razali, Ahadin, Akbari, M., Valianto, B., Rahmati, Lengkana, A. S., & Suhaimi. (2023). Impact of reaction speed, eye-hand coordination, and achievement motivation on backhand drive skills of table tennis players. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(9), 2357–2367. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.09271
Rodríguez-Negro, J., Pesola, J. A., & Yanci, J. (2020). Effects and retention of different physical exercise programs on children’s cognitive and motor development. Journal of Educational Research, 113(6), 431–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2020.1854159
Setiawan, I., Kurniawan, W. R., & Wijayanti, D. G. S. (2024). Implementation of Online Teacher Professional Development Programs: Physical Education Teacher Perspectives. Retos, 57, 445–454. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.105406
Sharma, L. R., Jha, S., Koirala, R., Aryal, U., & Bhattarai, T. (2023). Navigating the Research Landscape: A Guide to the Selection of the Right Research Design. International Research Journal of MMC, 4(1), 64–78. https://doi.org/10.3126/irjmmc.v4i1.51863
Subarna, Tangkudung, J., Asmawi, M., Lengkana, A. S., Rahman, A. A., Abdulgani, R., Mulyana, D., & Badaru, B. (2021). The effect of endurance, eye-hand coordination, and confidence to volleyball referee performance in West Java. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(3), 436–444. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090307
Suharjana, P. S. (2019). Improving gross motor skills by kinaestheticandcontemporary-based physical activity in early childhood. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 38(3), 540–551. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v38i3.25324
Szabo, D. A. (2021). The importance of motor behavior and balance training in the acquisition of physical activity/sports-related motor skills among children – review. Health, Sports Rehabilitation Medicine, 22(4), 242–247. https://doi.org/10.26659/pm3.2021.22.4.242
UNICEF-ONU-UNESCO. (2009). World-wide Survey of School Physical Education. Unesco, 167 s. https://jykdok.linneanet.fi/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=1080751
Veldman, S. L. C., Hammersley, M. L., Howard, S. J., Stanley, R. M., Okely, A. D., & Jones, R. A. (2023). Associations of gross motor skills with self-regulation and executive function in preschool-aged children. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 48(3), 234–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/18369391231175524
Veldman, S. L. C., Jones, R. A., & Okely, A. D. (2016). Efficacy of gross motor skill interventions in young children: An updated systematic review. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2(1), e000067. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000067
Wu, J., Yang, Y., Yu, H., Li, L., Chen, Y., & Sun, Y. (2023). Comparative effectiveness of school-based exercise interventions on physical fitness in children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1194779. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194779
Yuhua Li, Satomi Izumi-Taylor, Kun Wang, Kaitlyn D. Britton, & Gerhild Ullmann. (2023). Comparisons of Gross Motor Development of American and Chinese Preschoolers Children: A Pilot Study. US-China Education Review A, 13(6), 263–272. https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-623x/2023.06.001
Zhao, M., Lu, X., Zhang, Q., Zhao, R., Wu, B., Huang, S., & Li, S. (2024). Effects of exergames on student physical education learning in the context of the artificial intelligence era: a meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 7115. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57357-8
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Anggi Setia Lengkana
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
