El impacto de la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes en los patrones de ejercicio: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64.110781Palabras clave:
Adicción a los smartphones, hábitos de ejercicio, actividad física, salud mental, salud física, adolescentes, estudiantes, atletasResumen
Introducción: La adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes se ha convertido en un problema generalizado que afecta a diversos aspectos de la salud y el estilo de vida. Este estudio examina la relación entre la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes y los hábitos de ejercicio, centrándose en las dimensiones psicológicas, físicas, sociales y neurobiológicas. Al sintetizar la evidencia existente, proporciona una comprensión integral de cómo el uso excesivo de teléfonos inteligentes influye en los niveles de actividad física y el bienestar general. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo los principios PRISMA. Los criterios de elegibilidad incluyeron estudios revisados por pares en inglés, que examinaron la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes y los hábitos de ejercicio. Se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos como PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science y PsycINFO utilizando palabras clave relevantes. Los estudios incluidos fueron ensayos controlados aleatorios, estudios de cohorte, estudios longitudinales y estudios transversales. La extracción de datos enfatizó los impactos en los hábitos de ejercicio y los resultados de salud asociados.Resultados: La revisión encontró correlaciones significativas entre el uso excesivo de teléfonos inteligentes y los resultados negativos para la salud. La adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes se relacionó con un aumento de la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés, junto con una disminución de la autoestima. Se observó una correlación negativa entre el uso de teléfonos inteligentes y la actividad física, y un mayor uso se relacionó con una reducción de los hábitos de ejercicio. También se informó de malestar físico y deterioro del rendimiento por el uso prolongado de teléfonos inteligentes. Estos hallazgos fueron consistentes entre estudiantes, deportistas y adolescentes. Conclusión: Se necesitan intervenciones específicas para mitigar los efectos adversos de la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes en la salud mental y física. Los programas educativos, el apoyo psicológico y las iniciativas que promueven la actividad física son cruciales. Las investigaciones futuras deberían explorar estudios longitudinales y herramientas de bienestar digital para abordar la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes y fomentar comunidades más saludables y activas.a los teléfonos inteligentes y fomentar comunidades más saludables y activas.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Siti Kotijah, Ah Yusuf, Rizki Fitryasari P K, Ronal Surya Aditya, Binarti Dwi Wahyuni, Reem Iafi AlMutairi, Fitriana Kurniasari Solikhah, Muhammad Putra Ramadhan

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