Move4Future: aplicación y efectos de un programa piloto de ejercicio físico para niños y jóvenes en situación de riesgo procedentes de familias multiproblemáticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.110568Palabras clave:
Niños, desarrollo, salud, forma física, actividad física, ansiedadResumen
Introducción y Objetivo: Las familias multiproblemáticas incluyen varios factores de riesgo (por ejemplo, problemas de salud mental y de peso). El ejercicio físico podría ser una estrategia para prevenir, tratar y superar innumerables trastornos. Así, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos de la implementación del programa piloto Move4Future, en niños y adolescentes, sobre las siguientes variables: i) niveles de ansiedad, ii) composición corporal, iii) aptitud física, y iv) niveles de actividad física.
Metodología: Diez participantes (10,61±2,40 años) completaron un programa de ejercicio físico de 12 semanas con una frecuencia semanal de una sesión y fueron evaluados al inicio y después de la intervención. Se aplicaron la Escala de Ansiedad Manifiesta Revisada para Niños, la masa corporal, la altura, el pliegue cutáneo del tríceps, el pliegue cutáneo de la pantorrilla, el perímetro relajado del brazo, el perímetro de la cintura, el perímetro de la pantorrilla y las pruebas de la batería FITescola® (flexiones de brazos, salto horizontal, agilidad, flexibilidad de hombros y flexibilidad de miembros inferiores).
Resultados y Conclusiones: Los principales resultados mostraron un menor rasgo de ansiedad, aunque este cambio no fue estadísticamente significativo (z=-1,832, p=0,067), un aumento significativo de la estatura (z=-2,197, p=0,028), una disminución significativa del índice de masa corporal (z=-2,366, p=0,018) y del perímetro de la cintura (z=-2,201, p=0,028). El programa piloto Move4Future muestra una mejora en los valores medios de los niveles de ansiedad, la composición corporal y la fuerza superior en la condición física. Sin embargo, una intervención multicomponente, que incluya a las familias y más sesiones por semana, puede ser importante para obtener mejores resultados.
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