Asociación de la capacidad aeróbica y la fuerza muscular con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adolescentes: un estudio transversal en la escuela

Autores/as

  • Bianca Lins dos Santos Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba – Campus Sousa (Brazil) https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3284-1874
  • João Paulo Rodrigues dos Santos Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba – Campus Sousa (Brazil); Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília (Brazil) https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6671-6007
  • José Damião Saraiva Gomes-Júnior Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba – Campus Sousa (Brazil) https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4363-4419
  • Eriston de Souza Bezerra Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba – Campus Sousa (Brazil) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-1550
  • Samuel Lira da Silva Barbosa Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba – Campus Sousa (Brazil); Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília (Brazil) https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9723-4701
  • Bárbara Gicélia da Silva Araújo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba – Campus Sousa (Brazil) https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4824-0162
  • Fabio Thiago Maciel da Silva Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba – Campus Sousa (Brazil) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0116-3819
  • João Pedro Magalhães Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal)
  • Vera Lúcia Zymbal Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Saúde, Centro de Investigação em Qualidade de Vida (CIEQV), Setúbal (Portugal) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2319-199X
  • Eduardo Caldas Costa Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2807-7109
  • Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília (Brazil) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-247X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64.110467

Palabras clave:

Salud adolescente, Condición cardiorrespiratoria, CVRS, Aptitud física , Bienestar psicológico , Adolescent health, Cardiorespiratory fitness, HRQoL, Physical fitness, Psychological well-being

Resumen

Introducción: Las asociaciones independientes de la capacidad aeróbica y la fuerza muscular sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), cuando se ajustan mutuamente, siguen siendo poco estudiados, especialmente en adolescentes.

Objetivo: Examinar la asociación entre la capacidad aeróbica, la fuerza muscular y la CVRS en adolescentes. Metodología: Se empleó un diseño transversal que incluyó a 202 adolescentes brasileños. La capacidad aeróbica se evaluó mediante la prueba PACER y se clasificó en “zona saludable”, “necesita mejorar” y “en riesgo”. La fuerza muscular se evaluó mediante pruebas de campo, incluyendo la prueba de flexión de brazos a 90º, y se clasificó como “zona saludable” o “necesita mejorar”. La CVRS se midió utilizando el cuestionario validado KIDSCREEN-27. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión gamma generalizada para estimar los coeficientes (β) e intervalos de confianza del 95% para los dominios de CVRS, ajustando mutuamente para la capacidad aeróbica y la fuerza muscular como predictores.

Resultados: En el dominio físico, los adolescentes con capacidad aeróbica en la zona saludable (β=11,2; p<0,001) y necesita mejorar (β=8,8; p=0,007) obtuvieron puntajes más altos que aquellos en la zona de riesgo. De manera similar, los adolescentes con fuerza muscular en la zona saludable obtuvieron puntajes más altos que en necesita mejorar (β=6,6; p=0,012). En el dominio psicológico, los adolescentes con capacidad aeróbica en la zona saludable (β=8,1; p=0,002) y necesita mejorar (β=5,9; p=0,027) también mostraron mejores puntajes que en la zona de riesgo, al igual que aquellos con fuerza muscular saludable frente a necesita mejorar (β=4,5; p=0,043). No hubo asociaciones significativas en otros dominios (p>0,05). Conclusiones: Niveles adecuados de capacidad aeróbica y fuerza muscular están positivamente asociados con la CVRS, especialmente en los dominios de bienestar físico y psicológico en adolescentes.

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Publicado

2025-03-01

Cómo citar

Lins dos Santos, B. ., Rodrigues dos Santos, J. P., Gomes-Júnior, J. D. S. ., Bezerra, E. S., Barbosa, S. L. S., Araújo, B. G. S. ., Silva, F. T. M. ., Magalhães, J. P., Zymbal, V., Costa, E. C., & Browne, R. A. V. . (2025). Asociación de la capacidad aeróbica y la fuerza muscular con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adolescentes: un estudio transversal en la escuela. Retos, 64, 176–187. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64.110467

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas