Efectos del entrenamiento interválico sobre la condición física y percepciones de disfrute de jóvenes futbolistas: compa-raciones entre protocolos de intervalos cortos y largos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.109464Palabras clave:
ciencia del deporte, entrenamiento deportivo, rendimiento físico, deporte colectivoResumen
Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar los efectos de protocolos de entrenamiento intervalado (EI) corto vs. largo sobre la aptitud física y las percepciones de placer en la práctica en jóvenes jugadores de fútbol. Participaron en la investigación veinticuatro jugadores de fútbol masculinos de la categoría sub-15 (edad entre 14 y 15 años). Los protocolos de entrenamiento tuvieron una duración de 7 semanas, con una frecuencia semanal de entrenamientos de dos veces (martes y jueves), realizándose dos períodos de evaluación (pre y post-entrenamiento). Las evaluaciones realizadas fueron: 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test, salto horizontal bipodal y unipodal. El protocolo de entrenamiento intervalado largo consistió en 3 series de 3 minutos con intensidad variando entre el 80-90% de la velocidad final alcanzada en el 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (vIFT). En cuanto al protocolo de entrenamiento intervalado corto, consistió en 3 series de 3 minutos, alternando 20 segundos de acción por 10 segundos de recuperación hasta totalizar 3 minutos, con intensidad variando entre el 100-110% de la vIFT. Entre cada serie, en ambos protocolos, se realizó una recuperación pasiva de 1 minuto y 30 segundos. Las sesiones se realizaron siempre después de la sesión de entrenamiento habitual del equipo (basada en juegos). Al inicio de la quinta semana, se reaplicó el test 30-15 IFT para ajustar la intensidad de las sesiones. En todas las sesiones de entrenamiento de ambos grupos, se registraron la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo (PSE 0-10) y la duración de la sesión (minutos). A partir de estos datos, se calcularon los índices de carga interna, monotonía y tensión (strain). Al finalizar la aplicación del entrenamiento, se aplicó la Escala de Sentimiento, un cuestionario que analiza el nivel de placer de los jugadores al realizar ambos entrenamientos (EI corto y EI largo). El principal hallazgo fue que ambos protocolos de EI corto y largo incrementaron la distancia en el salto horizontal bipodal, unipodal en la pierna derecha y la vIFT. Solo el EI corto aumentó el salto horizontal unipodal en la pierna izquierda, sin diferencias significativas entre los grupos. No se verificaron diferencias en la carga interna, monotonía y tensión entre los protocolos de EI. Sin embargo, el grupo de EI corto obtuvo mayor placer en la práctica en comparación con el grupo de EI largo. En conclusión, ambos programas de entrenamiento mejoraron la aptitud aeróbica y el rendimiento en el salto horizontal; sin embargo, el grupo que realizó el EI corto experimentó un mayor placer en la práctica.
Citas
Aquino, R. L. Q. T., Gonçalves, L. G. C., De Paula Oliveira, L., Filho, H. T., & Puggina, E. F. (2016). Effects of 22 weeks of training on functional markers and match performance of young soccer players. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, 22(2), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-6574201600020012
Arslan, E., Orer, G. E., & Clemente, F. M. (2020). Running-based high-intensity interval training vs. small-sided game training programs: effects on the physical performance, psychophysiological responses and technical skills in young soccer players. Biol Sport, 37(2), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.94237
Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Santos-Concejero, J., & Grivas, G. V. (2016). Effects of Strength Training on Running Economy in Highly Trained Runners: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(8), 2361–2368. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001316
Billat, L. V. (2001). Interval training for performance: a scientific and empirical practice. Special recommendations for middle- and long-distance running. Part I: aerobic interval training. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 31(1), 13–31. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131010-00002
Bogdanis, G. C., Ziagos, V., Anastasiadis, M., & Maridaki, M. (2007). Effects of two different short-term training programs on the physical and technical abilities of adolescent basketball players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 10(2), 79 – 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.05.007
Boullosa, D., Dragutinovic, B., Feuerbacher, J. F., Benítez-Flores, S., Coyle, E. F., & Schumann, M. (2022). Effects of short sprint interval training on aerobic and anaerobic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 32(5), 810–820. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14133
Buchheit, M, Laursen, P. B., Kuhnle, J., Ruch, D., Renaud, C., & Ahmaidi, S. (2009). Game-based training in young elite handball players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(4), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1105943
Buchheit, Martin. (2008). The 30-15 intermittent fitness test: accuracy for individualizing interval training of young intermittent sport players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(2), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0B013E3181635B2E
Buchheit, Martin, & Laursen, P. B. (2013a). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 43(5), 313–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0029-x
Buchheit, Martin, & Laursen, P. B. (2013b). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. Part II: anaerobic energy, neuromuscular load and practical applications. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 43(10), 927–954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0066-5
Buchheit, Martin, & Rabbani, A. (2014). The 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test versus the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1: relationship and sensitivity to training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(3), 522–524. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2012-0335
Burnley, M., & Jones, A. M. (2007). Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 7(2), 63–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390701456148
Chelly, S. M., & Denis, C. (2001). Leg power and hopping stiffness: relationship with sprint running performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(2), 326–333. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200102000-00024
Conte, D., Favero, T. G., Niederhausen, M., Capranica, L., & Tessitore, A. (2016). Effect of different number of players and training regimes on physiological and technical demands of ball-drills in basketball. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(8), 780–786. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1069384
Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2011). Developing maximal neuromuscular power: part 2 - training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 41(2), 125–146. https://doi.org/10.2165/11538500-000000000-00000
Dellal, A., Varliette, C., Owen, A., Chirico, E. N., & Pialoux, V. (2012). Small-sided games versus interval training in amateur soccer players: effects on the aerobic capacity and the ability to perform intermittent exercises with changes of direction. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(10), 2712–2720. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31824294c4
Ekkekakis, P., Hall, E. E., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2005a). Variation and homogeneity in affective responses to physical activity of varying intensities: an alternative perspective on dose-response based on evolutionary considerations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(5), 477–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410400021492
Ekkekakis, P., Hall, E., & Petruzzello, S. (2005b). Some Like It Vigorous: Measuring Individual Differences in the Preference for and Tolerance of Exercise Intensity. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 27. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.27.3.350
Ekkekakis, P., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2002). Analysis of the affect measurement conundrum in exercise psychology: IV. A conceptual case for the affect circumplex. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3(1), 35–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(01)00028-0
Engel, F. A., Ackermann, A., Chtourou, H., & Sperlich, B. (2018). High-Intensity Interval Training Performed by Young Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01012
Faude, O., Koch, T., & Meyer, T. (2012). Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(7), 625–631. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.665940
Faude, O., Schnittker, R., Schulte-Zurhausen, R., Müller, F., & Meyer, T. (2013). High intensity interval training vs. high-volume running training during pre-season conditioning in high-level youth football: a cross-over trial. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(13), 1441–1450. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.792953
Fereday, K., Hills, S. P., Russell, M., Smith, J., Cunningham, D. J., Shearer, D., McNarry, M., & Kilduff, L. P. (2020). A comparison of rolling averages versus discrete time epochs for assessing the worst-case scenario locomotor demands of professional soccer match-play. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 23(8), 764–769.
Foster, C. (1998). Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(7), 1164–1168. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199807000-00023
Foster, C, Florhaug, J. A., Franklin, J., Gottschall, L., Hrovatin, L. A., Parker, S., Doleshal, P., & Dodge, C. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(1), 109–115.
Fransson, D., Nielsen, T. S., Olsson, K., Christensson, T., Bradley, P. S., Fatouros, I. G., Krustrup, P., Nordsborg, N. B., & Mohr, M. (2018). Skeletal muscle and performance adaptations to high-intensity training in elite male soccer players: speed endurance runs versus small-sided game training. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 118(1), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3751-5
Gibala, M. J., Little, J. P., van Essen, M., Wilkin, G. P., Burgomaster, K. A., Safdar, A., Raha, S., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2006). Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance. The Journal of Physiology, 575(Pt 3), 901–911. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2006.112094
Girard, O., Mendez-Villanueva, A., & Bishop, D. (2011). Repeated-sprint ability - part I: factors contributing to fatigue. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 41(8), 673–694. https://doi.org/10.2165/11590550-000000000-00000
Harmer, A. R., McKenna, M. J., Sutton, J. R., Snow, R. J., Ruell, P. A., Booth, J., Thompson, M. W., Mackay, N. A., Stathis, C. G., Crameri, R. M., Carey, M. F., & Eager, D. M. (2000). Skeletal muscle metabolic and ionic adaptations during intense exercise following sprint training in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 89(5), 1793–1803. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.5.1793
Harrison, C. B., Kinugasa, T., Gill, N., & Kilding, A. E. (2015). Aerobic Fitness for Young Athletes: Combining Game-based and High-intensity Interval Training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(11), 929–934. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1396825
Hill-Haas, S. V., Coutts, A. J., Rowsell, G. J., & Dawson, B. T. (2009). Generic versus small-sided game training in soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(9), 636–642. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0029-1220730/ID/22
Hopkins, A. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive Statistics for Studies in Sports Medicine and Exercise Science. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 41(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278
Iaia, F. M., Rampinini, E., & Bangsbo, J. (2009). High-intensity training in football. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 4(3), 291–306. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.4.3.291
Impellizzeri, F. M., Marcora, S. M., Castagna, C., Reilly, T., Sassi, A., Iaia, F. M., & Rampinini, E. (2006). Physiological and performance effects of generic versus specific aerobic training in soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(6), 483–492. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-865839
Kilit, B., & Arslan, E. (2019). Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. On-Court Tennis Training in Young Tennis Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(1), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002766
Klusemann, M. J., Pyne, D. B., Foster, C., & Drinkwater, E. J. (2012). Optimising technical skills and physical loading in small-sided basketball games. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(14), 1463–1471. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.712714
Kunz, P., Engel, F. A., Holmberg, H.-C., & Sperlich, B. (2019). A Meta-Comparison of the Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training to Those of Small-Sided Games and Other Training Protocols on Parameters Related to the Physiology and Performance of Youth Soccer Players. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-019-0180-5
Lattier, G., Millet, G. Y., Martin, A., & Martin, V. (2004). Fatigue and recovery after high-intensity exercise. Part II: Recovery interventions. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(7), 509–515. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-820946
Los Arcos, A., Vázquez, J. S., Martín, J., Lerga, J., Sánchez, F., Villagra, F., & Zulueta, J. J. (2015). Effects of Small-Sided Games vs. Interval Training in Aerobic Fitness and Physical Enjoyment in Young Elite Soccer Players. PloS One, 10(9), e0137224. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137224
Lucas, R. D., Turnes, T., & Guglielmo, L. G. A. (2020). Treinamento intervalado: aspectos conceituais e práticos. In.: Boullosa, D. (org.), Lara, L. (org.), & Athayde, P. (org.). Treinamento esportivo: um olhar multidisciplinar. Natal, RN : EDUFRN. Volume 12. p. 29.
MacInnis, M. J., & Gibala, M. J. (2017). Physiological adaptations to interval training and the role of exercise intensity. The Journal of Physiology, 595(9), 2915–2930. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP273196
Manuel Clemente, F., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Nakamura, F. Y., & Sarmento, H. (2021). Effects of high-intensity interval training in men soccer player’s physical fitness: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized-controlled and non-controlled trials. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(11), 1202–1222. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1863644
McBride, J. M., Triplett-McBride, T., Davie, A., & Newton, R. U. (2002). The effect of heavy- vs. light-load jump squats on the development of strength, power, and speed. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 16(1), 75–82.
McMillan, K., Helgerud, J., Macdonald, R., & Hoff, J. (2005). Physiological adaptations to soccer specific endurance training in professional youth soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(5), 273–277. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2004.012526
Nobari, H., Silva, A. F., Vali, N., & Clemente, F. M. (2023). Comparing the physical effects of combining small-sided games with short high-intensity interval training or repeated sprint training in youth soccer players: A parallel-study design. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 18(4), 1142–1154. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541221101842
Peterson, M. D., Rhea, M. R., & Alvar, B. A. (2004). MAXIMIZING STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT IN ATHLETES: A META-ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE THE DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(2), 377–382.
Rabbani, A., Clemente, F. M., Kargarfard, M., & Jahangiri, S. (2019). Combined Small-Sided Game and High-Intensity Interval Training in Soccer Players: The Effect of Exercise Order. Journal of Human Kinetics, 69, 249–257. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0092
Sarmento, H., Clemente, F. M., Araújo, D., Davids, K., McRobert, A., & Figueiredo, A. (2018). What Performance Analysts Need to Know About Research Trends in Association Football (2012-2016): A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 48(4), 799–836. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0836-6
Skovgaard, C., Almquist, N. W., & Bangsbo, J. (2017). Effect of increased and maintained frequency of speed endurance training on performance and muscle adaptations in runners. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 122(1), 48–59. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00537.2016
Sloth, M., Sloth, D., Overgaard, K., & Dalgas, U. (2013). Effects of sprint interval training on VO2max and aerobic exercise performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 23(6), e341-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12092
Spiliopoulou, P., Zaras, N., Methenitis, S., Papadimas, G., Papadopoulos, C., Bogdanis, G. C., & Terzis, G. (2021). Effect of Concurrent Power Training and High-Intensity Interval Cycling on Muscle Morphology and Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(9), 2464–2471. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003172
Tabata, I., Nishimura, K., Kouzaki, M., Hirai, Y., Ogita, F., Miyachi, M., & Yamamoto, K. (1996). Effects of moderate-intensity endurance and high-intensity intermittent training on anaerobic capacity and ˙VO2max. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 28(10).
Toh, S. H., Guelfi, K. J., Wong, P., & Fournier, P. A. (2011). Energy expenditure and enjoyment of small-sided soccer games in overweight boys. Human Movement Science, 30(3), 636–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2010.12.001
Turnes, T., de Aguiar, R. A., Cruz, R. S. de O., & Caputo, F. (2016). Interval training in the boundaries of severe domain: effects on aerobic parameters. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 116(1), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3263-0
Valstad, S. A., von Heimburg, E., Welde, B., & van den Tillaar, R. (2018). Comparison of Long and Short High-Intensity Interval Exercise Bouts on Running Performance, Physiological and Perceptual Responses. Sports Medicine International Open, 2(1), E20–E27. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-124429
Wong, P., Chaouachi, A., Chamari, K., Dellal, A., & Wisloff, U. (2010). Effect of preseason concurrent muscular strength and high-intensity interval training in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(3), 653–660. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181aa36a2
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Mariana Damm Fraga, Luiz Guilherme Cruz Gonçalves, Rodrigo Ribeiro Ribeiro, Vinicius Ribeiro Ribeiro, Bruno Gonçalves Gonçalves, Gustavo Sena Sena, Rodrigo Aquino
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
