Aumento del rendimiento motor y respuestas físicas tras entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad en adolescentes con exceso de peso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.109242Palabras clave:
adolescente, competencia motriz, alta intensidad, intensidad moderada, aptitud físicaResumen
Introducción: La competencia motora (MC) es esencial para el desarrollo motor y un estilo de vida activo. Sin embargo, los adolescentes con exceso de peso enfrentan baja forma física y alteraciones cardiometabólicas que afectan la MC. Aunque el entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad (HIFT) mejora la condición física y reduce riesgos cardiometabólicos, sus efectos en la MC siguen poco explorados. Objetivo: Investigar el impacto de diferentes tipos de entrenamiento físico sobre la competencia motora y la forma física en adolescentes con exceso de peso. Metodología: La muestra incluyó 46 adolescentes (10–16 años, ambos sexos) divididos en HIFT (n=10), entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT, n=12), entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (MICT, n=12) y grupo control (GC, n=12). Se evaluaron medidas antropométricas, la composición corporal, la forma física y MC (tiempo supine-to-stand, STSTIME) antes y después de la intervención. Se aplicaron ANOVA de medidas repetidas, tamaño del efecto y prevalencia de respondedores. Resultados: HIFT tuvo una disminución en IMC (p=0.04), WHtR (p=0.050), y %FM (p<0.001), incrementos en %FFM (p<0.001), fuerza ABD (p<0.01), flexibilidad (p<0.03), y mejora en STSTIME (p<0.001) respecto a otros grupos. HIIT (p<0.003) y MICT (p<0.02) destacaron. Más frecuencias de respondedores en HIFT presentaron mejoras en IMC, %FM, %FFM, flexibilidad y STSTIME (p=0.001). Conclusiones: HIFT fue más eficaz que los otros protocolos para mejorar composición corporal, fuerza abdominal, flexibilidad y el tiempo de subida al suelo.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Frederico Bento de Moraes Junior, Maiara Cristina Tadiotto, Patricia Ribeiro Paes Corazza, Francisco Jose de Menezes-Junior, Neiva Leite
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