Actividad electromiográfica, dolor, discapacidad y percepción de mejoría en dolor cervical crónico en fisioterapia multimodal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.107458Palabras clave:
Dolor crónico de cuello, discapacidad, actividad muscular cervical, curso clínico, fisioterapiaResumen
Introducción: Pocos estudios han explorado el curso clínico en pacientes con dolor cervical crónico. Comprender su evolución clínica puede ayudar a los clínicos a evaluar los resultados individuales, definir objetivos y establecer un pronóstico.
Objetivo: Describir el curso clínico de pacientes con dolor cervical crónico inespecífico (DCIC) en respuesta a un programa de fisioterapia multimodal.
Metodología: Un total de 15 pacientes con DCIC participaron en un programa de fisioterapia multimodal de seis semanas. Las evaluaciones basales incluyeron características sociodemográficas e historia clínica de dolor de cuello. Las principales medidas de resultado fueron actividad muscular cervical, dolor, discapacidad y percepción global de mejoría. Se emplearon pruebas de Friedman y post hoc con corrección de Bonferroni para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: Todas las variables estudiadas variaron significativamente (p<0,001) a lo largo del programa. En las primeras 3 semanas, la actividad muscular del esternocleidomastoideo y del escaleno anterior disminuyó significativamente en un 64% y 24%, respectivamente. También se observaron mejoras clínicas tempranas en todas las variables autoinformadas, con una reducción del dolor y la discapacidad del 50% y 24% al final de la tercera semana de intervención.
Discusión: Pacientes con DCIC sometidos con un programa de fisioterapia multimodal que incluye ejercicios específicos de control motor pueden experimentar una influencia a corto plazo en la actividad de los músculos superficiales del cuello y una reducción de los síntomas.
Conclusiones: Los resultados del presente estudio pueden ser útiles para diseñar ensayos clínicos que determinen si las mejoras se deben al tratamiento o a la recuperación natural del estado.
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