Determinantes del estado nutricional, rendimiento de aprendizaje de los estudiantes y actividad física: un estudio transversal en la ciudad de Jayapura, Papúa, Indonesia (Determinants of nutritional status, students’ learning achievement and physical activity: a cross sectional study in Jayapura City, Papua, Indonesia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107422Palabras clave:
estado nutricional, estudiantes, rendimiento, actividad física, interés por aprenderResumen
El logro óptimo del aprendizaje se obtiene a menudo mediante el consumo de alimentos nutritivos y equilibrados, que previenen estados nutricionales deficientes. Esto es particularmente relevante para los estudiantes de secundaria de entre 12 y 15 años, que son más propensos a la desnutrición. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los determinantes del logro de aprendizaje de los estudiantes según el estado nutricional, el conocimiento nutricional, la dieta de los estudiantes, la actividad física y el interés por aprender. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal de correlación. En este estudio participaron como muestra trescientos cincuenta estudiantes de secundaria del municipio de Jayapura, provincia de Papua, Indonesia. La muestra del estudio se tomó mediante el método de muestreo accidental. Los datos primarios (conocimientos sobre nutrición, dieta, actividad física, interés en el aprendizaje, estado nutricional y logros de aprendizaje) y los datos secundarios se obtuvieron de fuentes relevantes y se analizaron mediante análisis de distribución de frecuencia y pruebas de análisis de ruta estadística. Los resultados mostraron el efecto indirecto de las variables exógenas sobre las endógenas, donde el conocimiento nutricional y la dieta de los estudiantes influyeron en el estado nutricional (valor p = 0,001), pero la actividad física no tuvo impacto (valor p = 0,167). Mientras tanto, el efecto directo de las variables exógenas sobre las endógenas mostró que el conocimiento nutricional, el interés por aprender y el estado nutricional influyeron en el rendimiento de los estudiantes (valor p = 0,001). Por lo tanto, el estado nutricional juega un papel importante en la determinación del logro de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. El conocimiento sobre nutrición y la dieta de los estudiantes afectan indirectamente el logro de aprendizaje a través del estado nutricional. El estado nutricional, el conocimiento nutricional y el interés por aprender afectan directamente el logro de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de secundaria. Es importante mejorar el estado nutricional a través del conocimiento nutricional así como de la dieta de los estudiantes, por lo que eventualmente esto mejoraría el rendimiento del aprendizaje.
Palabras clave: estado nutricional, estudiantes, rendimiento, actividad física, interés por aprender.
Abstract. Optimal learning achievement is often obtained through the consumption of nutritious and balanced food, which prevents poor nutritional statuses. This is particularly relevant to Junior High School students aged 12-15 years, who are more prone to experience malnutrition. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate determinants of students’ learning achievement according to nutritional status, nutritional knowledge, students’ diet, physical activity, and learning interest. This was a descriptive correlation cross-sectional study. Three hundred and fifty Junior High School students in Jayapura Municipality, Papua Province, Indonesia was involved as sample in this study. The study sample were taken by accidental sampling method. The primary data (knowledge of nutrition, diet, physical activity, interest in learning, nutritional status, and learning achievement) and secondary data were obtained from relevant sources and analyzed using frequency distribution analysis and statistical path analysis tests. The results showed the indirect effect of exogenous variables on the endogenous, where nutritional knowledge and students diet influenced nutritional status (p-value = 0.001), but physical activity had no impact (p-value = 0.167). Meanwhile, the direct effect of exogenous variables on the endogenous showed that nutritional knowledge, interest in learning, and nutritional status influenced students’ achievement (p-value = 0.001). Thus, nutritional status plays a significant role in determining students’ learning achievement. Nutrition knowledge and students diet indirectly affect learning achievement through nutritional status. Nutritional status, nutritional knowledge, and interest in learning directly affect the learning achievement of junior high school students. It is important to improve nutritional status through nutritional knowledge as well as students’ diet, therefore this would eventually improve learning achievement.
Keywords: nutrition status, students, achievement, physical activity, interest in learning
Citas
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