Percepción sobre salud y ejercicio entre adultos mayores indonesios: un estudio exploratorio secuencial en comunidades rurales javanesas (Perception on health and exercise among indonesian older adults: a sequential exploratory study in javanese rural communities)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.107148Palabras clave:
salud, ejercicio, adultos mayores, comunidades rurales, GPAQResumen
Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar las percepciones de la salud y el ejercicio entre los adultos mayores en comunidades rurales javanesas en Indonesia. A través de un enfoque exploratorio secuencial, la investigación descubre diversos niveles de conocimiento sobre la salud y el ejercicio entre la población rural. Participaron 40 adultos mayores de tres regencias diferentes en la provincia de Java Central, quienes completaron el Cuestionario de Actividad Física Global (GPAQ). Se realizó un análisis cualitativo adicional utilizando 25 muestras de las 40 a través de un método conveniente. Se llevó a cabo una entrevista semiestructurada para confirmar los resultados del cuestionario y explorar su percepción sobre la salud y el ejercicio. A pesar de las variaciones, emerge una creencia predominante entre los participantes con respecto a los importantes beneficios para la salud asociados con el ejercicio. El análisis revela que una mayoría considerable (87.5%) de los participantes cumple con los estándares recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud de >600 METs/semana, principalmente a través de actividades físicas relacionadas con el trabajo. Sin embargo, sigue existiendo una notable disparidad en la prevalencia de la actividad física durante el tiempo de ocio, particularmente en la participación en actividades físicas relacionadas con el deporte. El puntaje acumulado de METs proviene predominantemente de actividades laborales y de viaje. El estudio cualitativo revela que todavía hay pocas iniciativas entre los adultos mayores para adoptar un estilo de vida saludable a través del deporte y el ejercicio. Algunos creen que el deporte nunca fue parte de su cultura. Para abordar estos hallazgos, instamos a intervenciones estratégicas por parte de las partes interesadas para aumentar la conciencia entre los adultos mayores rurales sobre la importancia del deporte y el ejercicio para mejorar el bienestar general. Esto implica la implementación de programas de educación para la salud y la facilitación de actividades de ejercicio colectivo a nivel de aldea.
Palabras clave: salud, ejercicio, adultos mayores, comunidades rurales, GPAQ
Abstract. This study aims to investigate the perceptions of health and exercise among older adults in rural Javanese communities in Indonesia. Through a sequential exploratory approach, the research uncovers diverse levels of knowledge regarding health and exercise among the rural population. There are 40 older adults from three different regency in Central Java Province participated in filling out the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Further qualitative analysis used 25 samples out of 40 through convenient method. Semi-structured interview is conducted to confirm results of questionnaire and explore their perception on health and exercise. Despite variations, a predominant belief emerges among participants regarding the significant health benefits associated with exercise. Analysis reveals that a considerable majority (87.5%) of participants meet the World Health Organization's recommended standards of >600 METs/week, primarily through work-related physical activities. However, there remains a notable disparity in the prevalence of physical activity during leisure time, particularly in engaging in sport-related physical activities. The accumulated METs score dominantly comes from work and travel-related activities. Qualitative study reveals that there are still few initiatives among older adults to adopt a healthy living through sports and exercise. Some believe that sports were never part of their culture. To address these findings, we urge for strategic interventions from stakeholders to enhance awareness among rural older adults about the importance of sports and exercise to enhance the overall well-being. This entails the implementation of health education programs and the facilitation of collective exercise activities at the village level.
Keywords: health, exercise, older adults, rural communities, GPAQ
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