Baloncesto en silla de ruedas: aspectos morfofuncionales y fisiológicos del hombro (Wheelchair Basketball: morpho-functional and physiological aspects of the shoulder)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.106935Palabras clave:
ejercicio; deporte; tecnologías; rehabilitación, fisiologíaResumen
El baloncesto en silla de ruedas es uno de los deportes paralímpicos más populares. Es una gran actividad física que garantiza importantes beneficios para la salud y promueve el bienestar y la inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad. Al mismo tiempo, el baloncesto en silla de ruedas implica un riesgo significativo de lesiones para los jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas y las extremidades superiores son los segmentos corporales más cargados. En particular, los gestos específicos del deporte conducen a una sobrecarga progresiva de la articulación del hombro, lo que generalmente resulta en dolor de hombro. Por estas razones, el progreso científico y tecnológico debería mejorar el desarrollo de estrategias de rehabilitación para promover la salud del hombro y luego reducir el dolor de hombro. Dentro del espectro de las nuevas tecnologías, la electromiografía es una herramienta que permite medir en tiempo real y aprovechar la potencialidad del biofeedback, por lo que se ha utilizado anteriormente para mejorar el resultado de los tratamientos de rehabilitación. Por lo tanto, el propósito de esta revisión es resumir y analizar la evidencia actual sobre el uso de la electromiografía, como estrategia de rehabilitación, para reducir el dolor de hombro en atletas de baloncesto en silla de ruedas. Siguiendo las directrices de la declaración PRISMA (PROSPERO - 2023, n° CRD42023470395), un total de 10 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión después de una búsqueda en tres bases de datos (Pubmed, Google Scholar y Cochrane Library). El resultado de esta revisión destaca la importancia de la electromiografía y la electromiografía de superficie en la prevención y el tratamiento del dolor de hombro en los atletas de baloncesto en silla de ruedas. Además, este examen enfatiza que el uso de la electromiografía de superficie como biorretroalimentación parece ser una forma efectiva de acelerar los resultados de la rehabilitación del dolor de hombro en atletas de baloncesto en silla de ruedas.
Palabras clave: ejercicio; deporte; tecnologías; rehabilitación, fisiología.
Abstract. Wheelchair basketball is one of the most popular paralympic sports. It is a great physical activity that guarantees important health benefits and promotes the well-being and social inclusion for disabled people. At the same time, wheelchair basketball involves a significant risk of injuries for wheelchair basketball players and upper limbs are the most burdened body segments. In particular, sport specific gestures lead to progressive overload of the shoulder joint, which usually results in shoulder pain. For these reasons, scientific and technological progress should improve the development of rehabilitative strategies to promote shoulder health and then to reduce shoulder pain. Within the spectrum of new technologies, electromyography is a tool that allows real-time measurement and to take advantage of the potentiality of biofeedback, so it has been used previously to improve the outcome of rehabilitation treatments. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize and analyze the current evidence regarding the use of electromyography, as a rehabilitative strategy, to reduce shoulder pain in wheelchair basketball athletes. Following the PRISMA statement guidelines (PROSPERO - 2023, n° CRD42023470395), a total of 10 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria after a search of three databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library). The result of this review highlights the importance of electromyography and surface electromyography in the prevention and treatment of shoulder pain in wheelchair basketball athletes. Moreover, this examination emphasizes that using surface electromyography as a biofeedback seems to be an effective way to speed up shoulder pain rehabilitation outcomes in wheelchair basketball athletes.
Keywords: exercise; sport; technologies; rehabilitation, physiology.
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