Exploración del impacto de la identidad social y la dinámica de equipo en el comportamiento de búsqueda de ayuda en materia de salud mental entre atletas universitarios: un estudio cualitativo (Exploring the impact of social identity and team dynamics on mental health help-seeking behavior among collegiate athletes: a qualitative study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.106071Palabras clave:
Adolescent, Universities, Focus Groups, Students, AthletesResumen
Este estudio explora la influencia de la identidad social y la dinámica de equipo en los comportamientos de búsqueda de ayuda para la salud mental de los atletas universitarios. La investigación tiene como objetivo comprender cómo factores como el género, la etnia y el estatus social dan forma a las actitudes y acciones de los atletas con respecto a la asistencia de salud mental.
Método: Utilizando un enfoque de métodos mixtos que incluyó discusiones de grupos focales (DGF) y entrevistas en profundidad, se recopilaron datos de 30 atletas que representan diversas disciplinas deportivas, asegurando una representación equilibrada en términos de género, etnia y estatus social. Resultado: Temático El análisis reveló temas importantes: los atletas masculinos enfrentaron un estigma sustancial al buscar asistencia de salud mental, viéndolo como un signo de debilidad, mientras que las atletas eran más abiertas y estaban respaldadas por una cultura de expresión emocional. Los atletas de las minorías encontraron barreras adicionales debido al estigma cultural y la falta de servicios culturalmente competentes, mientras que los atletas de la mayoría tuvieron un mejor acceso a los recursos de salud mental. Los atletas de alto estatus experimentaron presión para mantener su imagen, lo que los llevó a ser reacios a buscar ayuda, mientras que los atletas de bajo estatus enfrentaron desafíos para acceder a recursos a pesar de su voluntad de buscar ayuda. Las dinámicas de equipo positivas, caracterizadas por el apoyo y la comunicación abierta, facilitaron el comportamiento de búsqueda de ayuda, mientras que las dinámicas negativas, como el acoso y la falta de confianza, crearon barreras. Conclusión: El estudio subraya la necesidad de intervenciones específicas que aborden necesidades específicas basadas en el género, el origen étnico y el estatus social, promuevan la alfabetización en salud mental y fomenten entornos de equipo de apoyo. Las investigaciones futuras deberían centrarse en los efectos a largo plazo de las intervenciones de reducción del estigma, los servicios de salud mental adaptados culturalmente y el impacto de la dinámica de equipo a lo largo del tiempo. Estos hallazgos proporcionan información valiosa para desarrollar sistemas eficaces de apoyo a la salud mental para atletas universitarios.
Palabras clave: competencia cultural, etnicidad, alfabetización sanitaria, identificación social, deportistas, acoso escolar.
Abstract. This study explores the influence of social identity and team dynamics on the mental health help-seeking behaviors of collegiate athletes. The research aims to understand how factors such as gender, ethnicity, and social status shape athletes' attitudes and actions regarding mental health assistance.
Method: Using a mixed-method approach that included focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews, data were collected from 30 athletes representing various sports disciplines, ensuring balanced representation in terms of gender, ethnicity, and social status.Result: Thematic analysis revealed significant themes: male athletes faced substantial stigma in seeking mental health assistance, viewing it as a sign of weakness, while female athletes were more open and supported by a culture of emotional expression. Minority athletes encountered additional barriers due to cultural stigma and a lack of culturally competent services, whereas majority athletes had better access to mental health resources. High-status athletes experienced pressure to maintain their image, leading to reluctance in seeking help, while low-status athletes faced challenges in accessing resources despite their willingness to seek help. Positive team dynamics, characterized by support and open communication, facilitated help-seeking behavior, while negative dynamics, such as bullying and lack of trust, created barriers. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions that address specific needs based on gender, ethnicity, and social status, promote mental health literacy, and foster supportive team environments. Future research should focus on the long-term effects of stigma-reduction interventions, culturally tailored mental health services, and the impact of team dynamics over time. These findings provide valuable insights for developing effective mental health support systems for collegiate athletes.
Keywords: Cultural Competency, Ethnicity, Health Literacy, Social Identification, Athletes, Bullying
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