Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authors Niveles de forma física de los alumnos de primaria en función del sexo y la raza en Indonesia, ¿Existen diferencias? (Fitness Levels of Elementary School Students Based on Gender and Race in Indonesia: Are There Differences?)

Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authors

Autores/as

  • Widiyanto Widiyanto Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia.
  • Hendra Setyawan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia.
  • Suharjana Suharjana Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia.
  • Sugeng Purwanto Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia
  • Eka Novita Indra Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia.
  • Sujarwo Sujarwo Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia
  • Sandi Prayudho Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia
  • José Vicente García-Jiménez University of Murcia, Spain
  • Ratko Pavlovic University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Özgür Eken Faculty of Sport Sciences, Inonu University, Turkey
  • Nuridin Widya Pranoto Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia
  • Arief Darmawan Universitas Negeri Malang (UM), Indonesia
  • Abdul Aziz Purnomo Shidiq Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Indonesia.
  • Muhammad Imam Rahmatullah Universitas Riau (UNRI), Indonesia
  • Carles Nyoman Wali Universitas Persatuan Guru 1945 Nusa Tenggara Timur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105679

Palabras clave:

Physical Fitness, Student, RACE, Gender

Resumen

El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar las diferencias en los niveles de forma física en función de la raza y el sexo en Indonesia. Este método de investigación utiliza un enfoque cuantitativo comparativo cuyo objetivo es determinar el alcance de las diferencias en los resultados de los niveles de condición física de los alumnos de primaria en función del género (masculino y femenino) y de la raza en tres provincias (Sumsel, DIY y NTT). En esta investigación participaron alumnos de primaria de tres provincias (Sumsel, DIY y NTT). Las muestras se tomaron mediante muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados para alumnos y alumnas, con un total de 254 personas, pero luego se agruparon las muestras en números iguales en función del sexo y la raza regional (Sumatra Meridional, DIY y NTT), de modo que se tomaron las 132 personas restantes. La técnica de recopilación de datos de aptitud física utiliza el instrumento Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI). La técnica de análisis de datos utiliza la estadística paramétrica Two-Way Anova. Basándose en los resultados de la prueba Anova de dos vías de los datos de puntuación de la prueba TKJI de 132 estudiantes, muestra que la variable del factor Raza tiene un valor de Sig. 0,00 < 0,05 significa que existe una diferencia significativa en los resultados de las pruebas TKJI en función de la raza en las tres provincias de Sumatra del Sur, DIY y NTT. En la variable del factor género, el valor Sig. 0,001 < 0,05 significa que existe una diferencia significativa en los resultados de la prueba TKJI en función del sexo masculino y femenino. Además, en las variables factor Raza y género, el valor Sig. 0,485 > 0,05 significa que no existe influencia o interacción entre los factores Raza en las tres provincias y género en la determinación de los resultados de las puntuaciones de los alumnos en el TKJI. La conclusión es que las diferencias en la forma física en función de la Raza pueden deberse a diferencias en la actividad física, a un estatus socioeconómico diferente y a factores sociales como la discriminación racial y la discriminación racial interpersonal, que pueden manifestarse como estrés emocional debido al aumento del estrés psicológico y al aumento del riesgo de comportamientos poco saludables, incluidas las actividades. físicas. Aparte de eso, la diferencia en la forma física en términos de género es que los hombres tienen un mejor nivel de forma física que las mujeres. Esto se debe al aumento de la masa grasa asociado al crecimiento y la pubertad en las chicas, y a que los chicos suelen ser más activos que las chicas.

Palabras clave: Aptitud física, Estudiante, Raza, Género

Abstract. This research aimed to determine differences in physical fitness levels based on Race and Gender in Indonesia. It used a comparative quantitative approach. The samples in this research were elementary school students in three provinces: Sumsel, DIY, and NTT. They were selected using cluster random sampling and yielded 254 people. Then, the samples were clustered to equalize numbers based on students’ gender and regional race (South Sumatra, DIY, & NTT). After this process, the remaining 132 people were taken. Students’ physical fitness data were collected using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI). The data were then analyzed using the parametric Two-Way ANOVA statistics. The results of the Two-Way ANOVA test showed that the race factor variable had a value of Sig. 0.00 < 0.05. This value indicates a significant difference in the TKJI test scores between races in the three provinces: South Sumatra, DIY, and NTT. In the gender factor variable, the Sig. 0.001 < 0.05, meaning a significant difference was also found in the TKJI test scores between male and female students. Furthermore, for the combined race and gender factor variables, the Sig 0.485 > 0.05. Since the Sig value was greater, there is no influence or interaction between the race and gender factors in the three provinces in determining the results of the students' TKJI scores. Differences in physical fitness in terms of race can be caused by differences in physical activity, socioeconomic status, and social factors, such as racial discrimination and interpersonal racial discrimination. These differences can manifest as emotional stress due to increased psychological stress and increased risk of unhealthy behavior, including activities. In addition, the difference in physical fitness was also found between genders. The results show that men have a better level of physical fitness than women. One of the reasons is possibly due to increased fat mass associated with growth and puberty in girls. In addition, boys are often more active than girls.

Keywords: Physical fitness, Student, Race, Gender

Biografía del autor/a

Widiyanto Widiyanto, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia.

Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia.

Hendra Setyawan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia.

Department of Primary School Physical Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia.

Suharjana Suharjana, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia.

Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia.

Sugeng Purwanto, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia

Department of Physical Education Health and Recreation, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia

Eka Novita Indra, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia.

Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia.

Sujarwo Sujarwo, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia

Department of Physical Education Health and Recreation, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia

Sandi Prayudho, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia

Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia

José Vicente García-Jiménez, University of Murcia, Spain

Department of Plastic, Musical and Dynamic Expression, University of Murcia, Spain

Ratko Pavlovic, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Özgür Eken, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Inonu University, Turkey

Faculty of Sport Sciences, Inonu University, Turkey

Nuridin Widya Pranoto, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Padang (UNP) Indonesia

Arief Darmawan, Universitas Negeri Malang (UM), Indonesia

Department of Physical Education Health and Recreation, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang (UM), Indonesia

Abdul Aziz Purnomo Shidiq, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Indonesia.

Department of Physical Education Health and Recreation, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Indonesia.

Muhammad Imam Rahmatullah, Universitas Riau (UNRI), Indonesia

Department of Physical Education Health and Recreation, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Riau (UNRI), Indonesia

Carles Nyoman Wali, Universitas Persatuan Guru 1945 Nusa Tenggara Timur

Department of Physical Education Health and Recreation, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Universitas Persatuan Guru 1945 Nusa Tenggara Timur

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Publicado

2024-06-01

Cómo citar

Widiyanto, W., Setyawan, H., Suharjana, S., Purwanto, S., Indra, E. N. ., Sujarwo, S., … Wali, C. N. (2024). Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authors Niveles de forma física de los alumnos de primaria en función del sexo y la raza en Indonesia, ¿Existen diferencias? (Fitness Levels of Elementary School Students Based on Gender and Race in Indonesia: Are There Differences?): Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authors. Retos, 55, 963–968. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105679

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

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