Efecto de la edad relativa (RAE) entre los atletas universitarios de Malasia

Autores/as

  • Nor Ashikin Hassan Faculty of Sport Science and Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7656-7566
  • Zamri Abd. Kahar Faculty of Sport Science and Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
  • Ali Md Nadzalan Faculty of Sport Science and Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0621-2245
  • Jeffrey Fook Lee Low Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management And Technology, Setapak, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Abd Muiz Nor Azmi Faculty of Sport Science and Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-1369
  • Rivan Saghita Pratama Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya
  • Septyaningrum Putri Purwoto STKIP PGRI Bangkalan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-3960

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.105308

Palabras clave:

Efecto de la edad relativa, identificación de talentos, desarrollo de atletas, sesgo de selección

Resumen

Introducción: Actualmente, la mayoría de las investigaciones sobre RAE en deportes se centran en los jóvenes y los niveles superiores, lo que deja a los atletas universitarios, especialmente en Malasia, con muy poca información para trabajar.

Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar el RAE con más profundidad agregando variables como el género, la categoría deportiva y el tipo de escuela de educación superior (IPTS/IPTA).

Metodología: Se utilizó una estrategia de investigación cuantitativa con 4.683 fechas de nacimiento de atletas. La prueba de chi-cuadrado mostró que los atletas de SUKIPT 2022 tenían una alta tasa de RAE.

Resultados: La distribución de las fechas de nacimiento de los atletas durante los cuatro trimestres del año exhibió un desequilibrio sustancial, como lo muestra la estadística de chi-cuadrado (χ2 (3, N = 4683) = 59.618, p = < .001; V = 0.080). Los datos muestran un fuerte RAE entre los jugadores nacidos en el cuarto trimestre, lo que podría significar un sesgo de RAE. El estudio también encontró que el RAE era común entre todos los géneros y en varios deportes, incluidos los jugadores de IPTA. Sin embargo, se observó una RAE interesante en atletas de universidades privadas (IPTS) (χ2 (3, N = 1372) = 5,429, p = 0,143).

Discusión: Los resultados validan la presencia de la RAE dentro de la población de atletas universitarios, lo que indica que las variaciones en el desarrollo podrían afectar potencialmente la selección y el rendimiento de los atletas. Este estudio mejora la comprensión de la RAE dentro del ámbito del deporte universitario. Establece una base para los próximos esfuerzos de investigación para investigar enfoques para aliviar la RAE y fomentar el crecimiento y la selección equitativos de los atletas.

Conclusiones: La frecuencia de la RAE en los atletas que compiten por la universidad en los Juegos de Instituciones de Educación Superior de 2022 (SUKIPT).

Citas

Andrew, M., Finnegan, L., Datson, N., & Dugdale, J. H. (2022). Men Are from quartile one, women are from? relative age effect in european soccer and the influence of age, success, and playing status. Children, 9(11), 1747. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9111747

Agricola, A., Polách, M., Válek, T., Nykodým, J., & Zháněl, J. (2024). El efecto de la edad relativa de los participantes en las finales mundiales de tenis júnior en 2012–2016 (The Relative Age Effect of Participants in the World Junior Tennis Finals in 2012–2016). Retos, 51, 955–961. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.99664

Ariffin, N. M., Hashim, M., & Lee, J. L. F. (2019). Relative age effects on MSSM, SUKMA and National netball players in Malaysia. Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 8(1), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.37134/jsspj.vol8.1.3.2019

Aku, Y., & Yang, C. (2024). The relative age effect and its influence on athletic performance in Chinese junior female’ tennis players. PLoS ONE, 19(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298975

Bahtra, R., Putra, A. N., Septri, Dinata, W. W., Andria, Y., & Susanto, N. (2023). Improving Endurance Ability through Endurance Training Model-Based Drill Technique. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(2), 335–341. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2023.110210

Bahtra, R., Zelino, R., Bafirman, Fajri, H. P., Valencia, W. G., Susanto, N., García-Jiménez, J. V., & Pavlovic, R. (2024). Enhancing VO2Max: contrasting effects of fartlek training and small-sided games. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 24(2), 441–448. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2024.02054

Bartolomei, S., Grillone, G., Di Michele, R., & Cortesi, M. (2021). A comparison between male and female athletes in relative strength and power performances. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6010017

Brazendale, K., Graves, B. S., Penhollow, T., Whitehurst, M., Pittinger, E., & Randel, A. B. (2015). Children’s Enjoyment and Perceived Competence in Physical Education and Physical Activity Participation Outside of School. Civic Research Institute, 65–69. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280206297

Brustio, P. R., Kelly, A. L., Lupo, C., & Ungureanu, A. N. (2022). The influence of contextual factors on the relative age effect in male international rugby union: the impact of sociocultural influences and playing position. Children, 9(12), 1941. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121941

Yagüe Cabezón, J. M., Fernández García, B., Redondo Castán, J. C., & Izquierdo Velasco, J. M. . (2024). El Efecto de la Edad Relativa en las siete mejores ligas profesionales de fútbol femenino de la Unión de Federaciones Europeas de Fútbol (UEFA) (The Effect of Relative Age in the top seven professional women’s soccer leagues of the Union of Euro-pean Football Associations (UEFA)). Retos, 54, 518–528. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103292

Cobley, S., Baker, J., Wattie, N., & McKenna, J. (2009). Annual age-grouping and athlete development. Sports Medicine, 39(3), 235–256. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939030-00005

De La Rubia, A., Lorenzo-Calvo, J., & Lorenzo, A. (2020). Does the Relative Age Effect Influence Short-Term Performance and Sport Career in Team Sports? A Qualitative Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01947

Difernand, A., Quentin De Larochelambert, Sébastien Homo, Rousseau, F., Antero, J., Toussaint, J.-F., & Sedeaud, A. (2023). Relative age effects in track-and-field: Identification and performance rebalancing. 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1082174

Dube, S. R., & Grobbelaar, H. W. (2022). Prevalence of the relative age effect among high-performance, university student-athletes, versus an age-matched student cohort. South African Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(1). https://doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2022/v34i1a13310

Maciel, L. F. P., Flach, M. C., Nascimento, R. K. do, Dallegrave, E. J., Nascimento, J. V. do, & Folle, A. (2021). Efecto de la edad relativa en el baloncesto: implicaciones para la selección de jugadores exitosos (Relative Age Effect on basketball: implications for the selection of successful players). Retos, 42, 266–275. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.83847

Fonseca, F. S., Figueiredo, L. S., Gantois, P., de Lima-Junior, D., & Fortes, L. S. (2019). Relative age effect is modulated by playing position but is not related to competitive success in elite under-19 handball athletes. Sports, 7(4), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7040091

Gil, S. M., Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., Larruskain, J., Esain, I., & Irazusta, J. (2021). The relative age effect in young athletes: A countywide analysis of 9–14-year-old participants in all competitive sports. PLOS ONE, 16(7), e0254687. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254687

Gines, H. J., Huertas, F., Calvo, T. G., Ponce-Bordón, J. C., Figueiredo, A. J., & Ballester, R. (2023). Age and maturation matter in youth elite soccer, but depending on competitive level and gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032015

Götze, M., & Hoppe, M. W. (2021). Relative age effect in elite german soccer: influence of gender and competition level. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587023

Hamizi, M. I. F. M., & Low, J. F. L. (2022). Relative age effects among malaysian elite adult field hockey players. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(4A), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.101305

Hancock, D. J., Adler, A. L., & Côté, J. (2013). A proposed theoretical model to explain relative age effects in sport. European Journal of Sport Science, 13(6), 630–637. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2013.775352

Jakiwa, J., Atan, S. A., Azli, M. S., Rustam, S., Hamzah, N., & Zainuddin, A. A. (2022). The level of sports participation and academic success among Malaysian student-athletes. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 21(6), 122–137. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.6.8

Jakobsson, J., Julin, A. L., Persson, G., & Malm, C. (2021). Darwinian selection discriminates young athletes: the relative age effect in relation to sporting performance. Sports Medicine - Open, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-021-00300-2

Joyner, P. W., Lewis, J., Mallon, W. J., Kirkendall, D., Dawood, R., Fagerberg, A., … Garrett, W. (2020). Relative age effect: beyond the youth phenomenon. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), e000857. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000857

Karyono, T. H., Hidayat, R. A., Ihsan, F., Susanto, N., Wijanarko, T., García-Jiménez, J. V., Eken, Ö., Latino, F., & Tafuri, F. (2024). Performance Enhancement Strategies For Badminton Athletes: A Systematic Review. Retos, 57, 379–389. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.107124

Marsudi, I., Fajar, M. K., Rusdiawan, A., Kurniawan, R., Ar Rasyid, M. L. S., Susanto, N., García-Jiménez, J. V., & Pavlovic, R. (2024). Managing East Java’s Sports Facilities and Infrastructure for Achievement. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 12(2), 363–370. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2024.120211

McCarthy, P. J., & Collins, D. (2021). Gender Differences in the Relative Age Effect in Sport: An Exploration of the Impact of Selection Pressure and Competition Structure. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 52(3), 245-263. https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP.2021.52.003

Mat-Rasid, S. M., Abdullah, M. R., Juahir, H., Rusdiana, A., Bisyri, A., Maliki, H. M., Musa, R. M., Kosni, N. A., & Azmi, A. M. N. (2022). The relative age effect on physical fitness of school children. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(5): 1098-1106. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100528

Mladenović, R., & Maksimović, Z. (2022). Relative Age Effect and Gender Differences: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Findings. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(4), 456-465. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.2030405

Navarro-Patón, R., Mecías-Calvo, M., Rodríguez Fernández, J. E., & Arufe-Giráldez, V. (2021a). Relative Age Effect on Motor Competence in Children Aged 4–5 Years. Children, 8(2), 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020115

Ningrum, N. R., Sukamti, E. R., & Kurniawan, F. (2024). ORIGINAL ARTICLES . PHYSICAL THERAPY Analysis of fencers ’ post-injury adjustment : confirmatory factor analysis. 10(3), 39–52.

Oterhals, G., Bachmann, K. E., Bjerke, A. H., & Pedersen, A. V. (2023). The relative age effect shifts students’ choice of educational track even within a school system promoting equal opportunities. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1066264

Pranoto, N. W., Sibomana, A., Ndayisenga, J., Chaeroni, A., Fauziah, V., Susanto, N., Pavlovic, R., & Rayendra, R. (2023). Development of a disaster mitigation learning program for kindergarten students through physical fun games. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(12), 3228–3234. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.12369

Pratama, R. S., Wahadi, Romadhoni, S., Haryono, S., & Irawan, Y. (2025). Peningkatan Prestasi Atlet Menggunakan Sports Training Program Monitor Pada Klub Petanque di Jawa Tengah. PROFICIO: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 6(1), 152–160.

Romann, M., Rüeger, E., Hintermann, M., Kern, R., & Faude, O. (2020). Origins of relative age effects in youth football—a nationwide analysis. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2020.591072

Silva, L. A., Leonardo, L., Rodrigues, H. de A., & Krahenbühl, T. (2022). El efecto relativo de la edad en los deportes de equipo de invasión: una revisión sistemática en los deportes juveniles (The Relative Age Effect in invasion team sports: A systematic review in youth sports). Retos, 46, 641–652. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94211

Smith, J., Brown, A., & Johnson, R. (2019). The Impact of School-Based Sports Programs on Student Participation and Performance. Journal of Educational Research, 112(3), 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2018.1496069

Sofyan, D., Abdullah, K. H., Melendres Tanucan, J. C., Susanto, N., & Hidayat, Y. (2024). Unlocking the Secrets of Successful Sports Training: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Scientometric Research, 13(2), 575–588. https://doi.org/10.5530/jscires.13.2.45

Sukipt 2022. (2022, August). RESULT SYSTEM. Retrieved July 28, 2023, from medal.sukipt.com.my website: https://medal.sukipt.com.my/statistik_penyertaan_detailrpt.asp

Suppiah, P. K., Lee, J. L. F., Azmi, A. M. N., Noordin, H., & Musa, R. M. (2020). Relative age effect in U-16 Asian championship soccer tournament. Malaysian Journal of Movement, Health & Exercise, 9(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.15282/mohe.v9i1.362

Susanto, N., Dinata, W. W., Ihsan, N., Bahtra, R., Andria, Y., Pranoto, N. W., Anam, K., Sofyan, D., Lourenço, C. C. V., Burhaein, E., García-Jiménez, J. V., & Setyawan, H. (2023). Instrument for Assessing Basketball Skills in Junior High School Students in Indonesia. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(12), 3220–3227. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.12368

Susanto, N., García-Jiménez, J. V., Nowak, A. M., Setyawan, H., Pavlovic, R., Rusdiawan, A., & Syaukani, A. A. (2024). Development Assessment Model for Talent Identification of Young Indonesian Basketball Players: Anthropometrics, Biomotor, Technical, and Tactical Skills. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 12(4), 625–635. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2024.120403

Turner, M., & Fox, J. (2021). The Role of Physical Education Experiences in Promoting Extracurricular Sports Participation. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 14(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.10.001

Urruticoechea, A., Oliveri, A., Vernazza, E., Giménez-Dasí, M., Martínez-Arias, R., & Martín-Babarro, J. (2021). The relative age effects in educational development: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 8966. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178966

Zanada, J. F., Nasrulloh, A., Nugroho, S., & Susanto, N. (2023). The effect of circuit training program on physical fitness level in volleyball club athletes IPK Kuamang. Fizjoterapia Polska, 23(3), 120–124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG143IT9

Descargas

Publicado

2025-02-01

Cómo citar

Hassan, N. A., Kahar, Z. A., Md Nadzalan, A., Low, J. F. L., Nor Azmi, A. M., Pratama, R. S., & Purwoto, S. P. (2025). Efecto de la edad relativa (RAE) entre los atletas universitarios de Malasia. Retos, 63, 251–261. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.105308

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a

1 2 > >>