Interrelación de fortaleza mental, religiosidad y felicidad de deportistas adolescentes de élite según género, tipo de deporte y nivel de educación (Interrelation of mental toughness, religiosity, and happiness of elite adolescent athletes based on gender, type of sport, and level of education)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.103469Palabras clave:
deportistas juveniles de élite, fortaleza mental, religiosidad, satisfacciónResumen
No existen estudios que analicen de manera integral la fortaleza mental, la religiosidad y la satisfacción según el género, el tipo de deporte y los diferentes niveles escolares, especialmente en el contexto de los atletas juveniles de élite. De hecho, se cree que esta variable es un constructo muy importante en relación con el rendimiento y los logros de los atletas en el campo. El propósito de esta investigación es explorar la fortaleza mental, la religiosidad y la felicidad en la vida de los atletas según el género, el tipo de deporte y el nivel escolar. Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 97 atletas juveniles de élite (edad = 15,22 ± 1,34; F = 36, M = 61). Los datos de la investigación se recopilaron utilizando instrumentos estándar utilizados por científicos de todo el mundo, a saber, el Índice de Fortaleza Mental (MTI), la Prueba de Espiritualidad en los Deportes (SIST) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS). Se utilizaron análisis de varianza, correlación y análisis de ruta para comprender más profundamente las tres variables de investigación según el género del atleta, el tipo de deporte y el nivel escolar. Este estudio encontró que hubo una diferencia significativa sólo en la variable religiosidad del deportista según el nivel escolar (F = 6.212, p ≤ .01). La fortaleza mental de los deportistas tiene una relación significativa con la religiosidad (r = .343; ρ = .323; p ≤ .01) y la felicidad en la vida (r = .340; ρ = .200; p ≤ .01). Aparte de eso, también parece que la religiosidad tiene una relación significativa con la felicidad en la vida (r = .475; ρ = .406; p ≤ .01) y la edad del atleta se correlaciona significativamente con la religiosidad (r = .233; ρ = . 200; p ≤ .05). La fortaleza mental de los atletas tiene una relación significativa directamente con la satisfacción e indirectamente a través de la religiosidad. Estas tres variables tienen un papel importante en los deportes de competición por lo que los entrenadores o entrenadores de deportistas necesitan proporcionar una intervención psicológica para mejorar estas tres variables.
Palabras clave: deportistas juveniles de élite, fortaleza mental, religiosidad, satisfacción.
Abstract. There are no studies that comprehensively discuss mental toughness, religiosity, and satisfaction based on gender, type of sport, and different school levels, especially in the context of elite youth athletes. In fact, this variable is believed to be a very important construct in relation to athletes' performance and achievements on the field. The purpose of this research is to explore athlete’s mental toughness, religiosity, and life happiness based on gender, type of sport, and school level. A total of 97 elite youth athletes were included in the study (age = 15.22 ± 1.34; F = 36, M = 61). Research data were collected using standard instruments used by scientists around the world, namely the Mental Toughness Index (MTI), Spirituality in Sports Test (SIST), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Analysis of variance, correlation, and path analysis were used to understand more deeply the three research variables based on the athlete’s gender, type of sport, and school level. This study found that there was a significant difference only in the athlete's religiosity variable based on school level (F = 6.212, p ≤ .01). Athletes' mental toughness has a significant relationship with religiosity (r = .343; ρ = .323; p ≤ .01) and happiness in life (r = .340; ρ = .200; p ≤ .01). Apart from that, it also appears that religiosity has a significant relationship with happiness in life (r = .475; ρ = .406; p ≤ .01) and athlete age is significantly correlated with religiosity (r = .233; ρ = .200; p ≤ .05). Athletes' mental toughness has a significant relationship directly to satisfaction and indirectly through religiosity. These three variables have an important role in competitive sports so coaches or athlete coaches need to provide psychological intervention to improve these three variables.
Keywords: elite youth athletes, mental toughness, religiosity, satisfaction.
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