Comparaciones de rendimiento de potencia, velocidad lineal y cambio de dirección en tres categorías de edad de individuos entrenados sin Resistencia (Power, Linear Speed, and Change-Of-Direction Performance Comparisons Across Three Age Catego-ries of Non-Resistance Trained Individuals)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101467Palabras clave:
sprint, salida de potencia, cambio de direcciónResumen
El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la potencia de las extremidades inferiores, la velocidad lineal y el rendimiento del cambio de dirección en atletas de fútbol sin entrenamiento de fuerza en tres categorías de edad distintas (U15, U17 y U20). Setenta y seis atletas de fútbol masculino del mismo club profesional participaron en este estudio [U15 (n=25), U17 (n=20) y U20 (n=31)]. Todos los participantes estaban familiarizados con las evaluaciones y completaron todas las pruebas en una sola sesión. Las pruebas se realizaron al final de la pretemporada en la siguiente secuencia: a) sentadilla con salto (SJ); b) salto vertical con contramovimiento (CMJ); c) prueba de sprint lineal (20 m); y d) prueba de cambio de dirección (COD-test). Los atletas sub-20 presentaron mejor rendimiento que los atletas sub-15 y sub-17 en velocidad y CMJ (p < 0,001). Los atletas sub-20 se desempeñaron mejor que los sub-17 en COD-test y SJ (p < 0,001). Los deportistas sub-17 se desempeñaron mejor que los sub-20 en el déficit de DQO (p < 0,001). Los atletas sub-17 se desempeñaron mejor que los atletas sub-15 en la prueba COD (p < 0,001). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los atletas U15 y U17 en velocidad, déficit de COD, CMJ y SJ (p> 0.05). No se observaron diferencias entre los atletas U20 y U15 en déficit de DQO y SJ (p > 0,05). Estos resultados sugieren que los atletas de mayor edad que no entrenan fuerza, con mayor madurez cronológica y próximos al período de transición al nivel profesional, presentaron mejor desempeño frente a las categorías de menor edad.
Palabras clave: Salida de potencia; Sprint; Cambio de dirección.
Abstract. The purpose of present study was to compare lower limb power, linear speed, and change of direction performance in non-resistance trained soccer athletes across three distinct age categories (U15, U17, and U20). Seventy-six male soccer athletes of the same professional club participated in this study [U15 (n=25), U17 (n=20) e U20 (n=31)]. All participants were familiar with the assessments and completed all tests in a single session. Tests were performed at the end of the pre-season in the following sequence: a) squat jump (SJ); b) countermovement vertical jump (CMJ); c) linear sprint test (20-m); and d) change of direction test (COD-test). U20 athletes presented better perfomance than the under-15 and under-17 athletes in the sprint and CMJ (p < 0.001). The U20 athletes performed better than under-17 in COD-test and SJ (p < 0.001). The U17 athletes performed better than under-20 athletes in the COD deficit (p < 0.001). The U17 athletes performed better than under-15 athletes in the COD-test (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the U15 and U17 athletes in sprint, COD deficit, CMJ, and SJ (p > 0.05). No differences were observed between the U20 and U15 athletes in COD deficit and SJ (p > 0.05). These results suggest that older non-resistance trained athletes, with greater chronological maturation, and close to the transitional period to the professional level, presented better performance versus the younger age categories.
Keywords: Power output; Sprint; Change of direction
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