Bibliometric evolution of body percussion: Impact and gender in scientific-academic

. Body percussion is an emerging subject that has experienced an exponential growth in the last decade. The aim of this study is to present the state of the art of body percussion from 2001 to 2022 based on documents indexed in primary and secondary search engines with emphasis on gender and impact of publications. A sample of N=245 documents was selected, with n=72 obtained from the main primary search engines (Web of Science, Scopus), and n=173 from secondary search engines (Dialnet, JSTOR, RUA, Springer or DOAJ among others). We used an ex post facto retrospective design in the historiographic bibliometric variant and a frequency analysis using Microsoft Excel. Compared to existing works, it presented a more exhaustive analysis and substantial changes in the variables in terms of search engines, gender analysis, document impact and authors' h-index. The main results showed that the literature published in Spain and written in Spanish in book chapter format and indexed in secondary search engines prevails; that although there is a greater number of female authors, there is a predominance of works written by only men and a greater male participation; and that the educational field, at the Primary Education stage, is the most investigated through quantitative intervention studies, quasi-experimental design, control and experimental group, and repeated measures (pretest-posttest) with validated test as the main evaluation instrument.


Introduction
Body percussion is an emerging subject that is increasing its presence in research by leaps and bounds, with 88.98% of the documents currently found being published in the last decade.Up to 2022, 188 authors contribute to the creation of literature, of which 88 are male (46.81%) and 100 are female (53.19%), producing 173 documents indexed in secondary search engines and 72 in primary search engines, with a greater presence of works written only by men, followed by those written only by women and those written only by men.
Body percussion was studied at bibliometric level in several researches until 2017 (Serna et al., 2018) and until 2021 respectively (Arnau-Mollá & Romero-Naranjo, 2022a, 2022b) whose objects of study presented substantial differences between them in terms of the inclusion of primary or secondary search engines on the one hand, and in the inclusion or exclusion of documents of second order treatment that did not deal with body percussion exclusively, but considerably or analysed the effect of activities on some dependent variable on the other.
This suggests the need to bring together in a single document the evolution of the scientific-academic production on body percussion in order to present a more reliable state of the question, as a result of the symbiosis and broadening of the possibilities of analysis presented in these works.Therefore, this study can provide a much broader and more detailed vision, since it presents substantial differences, an analysis of variables never before provided, as well as a large amount of complementary data.These main differences are: -In terms of databases, it collects information from two primary and 12 secondary search engines.It is true that Serna et al. (2018) already did this, but in a very elementary way, using two primary and four secondary search engines, and publishing the article with practically no modifications in memory of the main author who died in 2018.
-The inclusion of the study of gender, providing in all the variables data related to collaboration between authors, i.e. whether the documents were written by only men, only women, or in a mixed form.
-Male or female participation, detailing in each variable the degree of participation according to the gender of the authors.
-The impact of the documents, showing the citations obtained at all times.
-The impact of the authors, presenting the h-index obtained in this study based on the number of publications and citations received, a factor of great importance and very much taken into account in high-impact publications.
-The inclusion and answering of 18 research questions that will present the current landscape of body percussion until 2022.
-The contribution of a large number of tables that provide the results in a detailed and exhaustive manner, which will allow the reader to make interpretations that would be impossible to reflect textually in an article of these characteristics, as only the main results are written in this one, with the rest of the information being shown in the tables.
The first contributions on body percussion in different cultures were collected by missionaries, chroniclers, travellers and researchers (Kartomi, 2010;Romero-Naranjo, 2008c, 2013b, 2014a, 2014b, 2017, 2019a).In terms of research, it began in 2001 with a small volume of literature and periods of non-publication until 2008, when it began to be published uninterruptedly until the present day.
There are different classifications of body percussion (Romero-Naranjo, 2006;2008b;2011), the most recent and significant being those presented by Romero-Naranjo (2020c), which divide it into recreational body percussion and academic body percussion in terms of the use made of it, and that of Romero-Naranjo (2022a) in terms of the type of publications of scientific-academic literature: (a) justification papers, (b) didactic papers, (c) research design papers, and (d) statistical results papers.Of this last classification, Arnau-Mollá & Romero-Naranjo (2022b) present an extensive list of references for each module.On the other hand, Romero-Naranjo, (2020a) makes another classification, from a theoretical-practical point of view, of the 11 fields of action of body percussion, dividing them into: didactic, ethnographic, Neuropsychological, kinaesthetic, socio-emotional, Space and Architecture, team building, historical, foundational, transversal learning, and spectacle.
Talking about body percussion necessarily entails mentioning the BAPNE method and its creator, Phd.Francisco Javier Romero-Naranjo, as the leading exponents on the subject with 158 publications and 1173 citations.Of these documents, 43 are indexed in primary search engines, cited 550 times, and 115 in secondary search engines with 623 citations.It should be noted that he publishes 63 papers alone, 60 in secondary search engines cited 415 times, and three in primary search engines with 120 citations.This teaching and research trajectory of more than 20 years has been recognised with the culture prize of the city of Alicante as well as an Honorary Doctorate in Brazil in 2023.
The BAPNE method is continuously growing and has gone through seven different stages from its beginnings to the present (Arnau-Mollá & Romero-Naranjo, 2022d): -1st gestation stage (before 1998).Considered to be a phase of ignorance in which an attempt is made to do something different, but without the intention of creating a method.
- This is a research group with a high level of activity, as in 2023 it has published ten first-order papers indexed in Wos.Among them are quantitative intervention studies with statistically significant results in selective attention in Primary Education (Romero-Naranjo, Pujalte-Cantó et al., 2023) and attention and anxiety in Secondary Education (Romero-Naranjo, Sayago-Martínez et al., 2023); ethnographic, on body percussion and traditional dances (Di Russo & Romero-Naranjo, 2023); neuromtricity and body schema, which presents the basis for the use of body percussion in physical education and sport sciences, as well as the possible benefits and contents of neuromotor work at kinaesthetic/anatomical, psychological, neurological/cognitive, ethnomusicological, musical, visual arts, creativity, evaluation and research levels (Romero-Naranjo, Andreu-Cabrera et al. , 2023); theoretical justification on neuromotricity as an interdisciplinary resource (Romero-Naranjo, Andreu-Cabrera, 2023a); Theoretical-practical justification on physical condition and neuromotricity (Romero-Naranjo & Andreu-Cabrera, 2023b) and on the ten pillars of neuromotricity (Romero-Naranjo & Andreu-Cabrera, 2023c); bibliometric studies on dual-task and movement (Mas-Mas et al., 2023) and on traditional dances in Spain (Penalva et al., 2023); and the first case study that evaluates, through body percussion, cardiorespiratory aspects and ergo-spirometry or stress test with gas analysis, and that demonstrates that BAPNE FIT activities favour and increase heart rate and maximum oxygen consumption (Romero-Naranjo & Llorca-Garnero, 2023).
On the other hand, in relation to independent authors or those who do not form part of any exclusive research group on body percussion, seven documents appeared in 2023, five first-order and two second-order, found in secondary search engines.
First order, and in the field of education, papers were published on the creation of a mobile application for the autonomous practice of body percussion outside school, which aimed to reinforce the lack of time available for music in primary education, which does not allow students to receive the best teaching (Bravo, 2023); the creation of videobased body percussion activities based on Dalcroze's eurhythmics for online music classes enforced by COVID 19 (Dihita & Aria, 2023); body percussion as a means of rhythmic education for preschoolers (Леоненко, 2023); and the development of musical and rhythmic abilities and motor coordination of children in music classes and extracurricular activities with the help of body percussion (Аюбова, 2023).Also of first order, but in the gerontological field, a quantitative intervention study was published with statistically significant results on the effect of body percussion activities on balance in the elderly (Siminghalam et al., 2023).
In reference to the documents found in 2023 of second order and related to Education, studies were published on methods of developing children's rhythmic thinking in vocal ensembles that used, among others, body percussion activities (Стоильская, 2023); and an analysis of the Youtube channel Musication that searched for the most significant musical elements in musicograms to be applied in Infant, Primary and Secondary Education (López et al., 2023).
The aim of this study is to present a bibliometric study that reflects the state of the art of body percussion from 2001 to 2022 through the existing international scientificacademic publications indexed in the main primary and secondary search engines and that unravels the impact and role of the genre in research on the subject.In addition, we aim to find out the participation of authors according to their gender, as well as the type of collaboration between them by answering the following research questions: Q1: What is the chronological evolution of productivity and citation?Q2: What is the productivity and citation by country?Q3: What is the productivity and citation by language?Q4: What is the productivity and citation by publisher?Q5: What is the productivity and

Methodology
According to the classification presented by Montero and León (2005) on the description and classification of research methodologies in Psychology, this study responds to an ex post facto retrospective design in the bibliometric historiographic variant.This type of study tests relationships between variables in past situations in which the units of analysis are objects, generally documents, rather than people.Moreover, a frequency analysis was applied to deal with the selected variables.

Sample
A sample of N=245 documents published over a time period of 22 years (2001-2022) was selected.The final sample consisted of n=72 papers extracted from two primary search engines (Wos/Scopus) and n=173 from 11 secondary search engines (Dialnet, JSTOR, RUA, Springer, DOAJ, DergiParkAkademi, Redalyc, CORA TDX, Oapen.Open Access, REDIB, and EBSCO), as well as four web pages that hosted documents that, although known to exist, did not appear in any database.

Materials and instruments
The resources offered by the aforementioned search engines were used to search, sift and select the information, taking advantage of the possibilities of filtering and creating lists, as well as the options of exporting the information to the bibliographic managers Refworks and Mendeley for the creation of references.In addition, a database was created with Microsoft Excel to which all the information was transferred for subsequent analysis and the creation of tables and figures.

Procedure
The search for information was carried out in the databases included under the subscription of the University of Alicante in the period from November 2021 to January 2022 applying the following search strategy limited in time until 2022: ("Body percussion") or ("Bodypercussion") or ("Percusión corporal") or ("Percussió corporal") or ("BAPNE") or ("Body music") or ("Body music") or ("Bodymusic").
Inclusion criteria were established for the documents found in order to be selected and included in the final sample.These were: 1) Material published and edited up to 2022 that dealt exclusively with body percussion (1st order), or at least dealt with it considerably at a descriptive level as part of a study, or conducted and evaluated the impact of body percussion activities as an independent variable (2nd order); and 2) Material that presented in the title, abstract or key words a term from the search strategy.
The information was then screened in all search engines starting with the primary search engines and saving the selected documents in result lists and in the bibliographic managers Refworks and Mendeley to determine which database would be taken as the main one according to the number of valid results it presented.The same procedure was then followed for the secondary search engines.
Once the information had been selected in all search engines, a comparison of duplicates was carried out.The main databases used were Wos in the primary search engines and Dialnet in the secondary search engines.Therefore, any document found in primary or secondary search engines that was indexed in Wos was counted in Wos and the others were excluded.Similarly, any document found in any secondary search engine that was indexed in Dialnet was counted in Dialnet and excluded from the other search engines.
The final selection of documents extracted from primary and secondary search engines is presented in Table 1.Once the duplicates had been compared and the final selection of documents had been made, a database was created in the Microsoft Excel programme in which all the information gathered in the search engines was aggregated for classification, analysis and subsequent extraction of results.The columns contained information criteria to be extracted from each document, such as: reference, research group, index of databases, databases, year of publication, languages; publishers; countries; types of documents; names of conferences; journals; research areas; citations; sum of citations; years of citations; number of authors; position of each author in the document; authors alone; gender of authors; type of collaboration between authors (male only, female only, mixed), h-index of authors in this sample; order of treatment; type of intervention; methodology; research approach; research design; type of group; assessment; assessment instruments; subject matter; population; and line of research.
In the classification and breakdown of the information, we encountered some problems in the counting of authors and citations that we had to solve.With regard to authors, we often found different signatures to refer to the same author.Specifically, these problems were the use of one or two surnames indistinctly; the use or not of hyphens between surnames; compound surnames; and the use of accents.This distorted the results, as it attributed a higher number of authors to the analysis, as well as a lower number of published documents to each author affected by several signatures.To solve this problem, coding criteria were established to be followed for all authors without exception, so that they could be counted without duplication.These were: 1) Write the two surnames separated by a hyphen.2) Exclude accents.3) Always write the compound surname.4) Do not include a full stop between the initials of compound names.With regard to citations, we encountered the problem of unifying the accounting, as the metric system is different in Wos, Scopus and Dialnet.Therefore, we used the citation system offered by Google Scholar, which allowed us to compare and classify the total and partial citations by year obtained by each document and attribute them to each of the authors who signed the papers.
Finally, after extracting all the information from the search engines and classifying it in the Excel database, the data analysis was carried out using pivot tables, in which the information was mixed and triangulated to obtain the results and to express them in the text of the work, as well as in the tables and figures resulting from this analysis.

Documents by year
A total of 245 documents were found in this research from 2001 to 2022 with an average age of publications of 6.18 years old.No publications were found in three of the 22 years that emerged in the analysis (2002, 2003 and 2007).Uninterrupted publication annually until 2022 started in 2008.The range of publications ranged from one to 37 with the most prolific years being 2019 with 37 papers (15.10%) and 2014 with 32 (13.06%).The last ten years (2013-2022) saw an increase in annual output to more than 10 papers per year with an average publication rate of 21.80 papers per year.
On the other hand, the 245 documents found received a total of 1565 citations with no concordance found between the years with the highest production of documents and the most cited years.The range of citations per year ranged from zero from 2001 to 2008 to 516 in 2022 (32.97%) with these being the least and most cited years.Four years were found with less than ten citations (0.38%), four years with between 39 and 94 (15.91%), four more years between 104 and 162 (34.89%), and two years between 248 and 516 (48.82%).On the other hand, with regard to the year of publication of the documents, it was found that the range of citations ranged from zero for those written in 2005 to 315 for those written in 2013.
In reference to the type of collaboration, papers written only by men predominated with 120 documents (48.99%), followed by mixed papers with 91 documents (37.14%), and papers written only by women with 34 documents (13.88%).The years with the highest production according to the type of collaboration were: 2019 with 19 papers written only by men (7.76%), 2014 with 20 mixed papers (8.16%), and 2019 and 2021 with seven papers each year published only by women (2.86% each year).
In terms of the number of authors, a total of 188 authors were found, with a predominance of females (53.19% of female authors (100) over 46.81% of male authors (88).In the selected sample (245), the 188 authors appeared a total of 540 times, taking into account that each author could participate in more than one document.Male participation predominated with 60.74% (328 participations) compared to 39.26% of female participation (212).The year with the highest presence of male authors was 2022 with 47 participations (8.70%) and 2014 was the year with the highest female participation with 212 (39.26%).
The participation of women did not start until 2005 with a mixed paper in which two women participated, and until 2010 alone.Moreover, female participation was only equal to male participation in 2005 and 2010 and higher in 2014 and 2015, i.e. in four of the 19 years in which papers were published.
Table 2 presents in detail the number of papers, citations, type of collaboration and participation according to the gender of the authors in the years analysed.

Documents by country
A total of 19 countries were found to have published on the topic.Six of them published only one paper each (2.45%) and a further six published two papers each (4.90%).The most productive country was Spain with 159 papers (64.90%) followed by the UK with 39 (15.92%).
In terms of number of citations, four countries received no citations, seven between two and nine (2.49%) and six more between 19 and 33 citations (9.07%).The two most cited countries accounted for 80.43% of the citations, Spain with 899 (57.44%) and the United Kingdom with 485 (30.99%).
In terms of collaboration between authors, six countries published mostly papers written by men only (Spain, Turkey, Chile, South Korea and Mexico), five countries with papers written by women only (Germany/UK, USA, Brazil, Russia and Ecuador), and eight countries with a predominance of mixed papers (UK, Germany, France, Greece, India, Russia, Italy and Iran).Spain is the country with the highest number of documents of each type of collaboration, namely 94 written only by men (38.37%), 16 written only by women (6.53%) and 49 mixed (20.00%).
With regard to participation according to the gender of the authors, it was found that male participation predominated in nine countries (Spain, United Kingdom, Turkey, South Korea, Netherlands, Greece, Mexico, Italy and Iran), and female participation in another six (Germany/United Kingdom, USA, Germany, Chile, Russia and Ecuador).On the other hand, equal participation of men and women was found in four countries (Brazil, France, India and Colombia).Table 3 presents in detail the documents, citations, type of collaboration and participation according to the gender of the authors in the emerging countries in this study.
Equality was found between the papers written only by men and only by women in terms of the number of languages used (eight), taking into account the languages included in the bilingual and quadrilingual papers.On the other hand, a total of five different languages were used in the mixed papers.Spanish predominated in the 45 papers written by men only (18.37%) and in the 16 written by women only (6.53%), while English predominated in the mixed papers with 47 papers (19.18%).
In terms of citations, the only papers that exceeded the overall average (6.39) were the 120 papers written only by men (7.57), while the mixed papers and those written only by women were lower.
With regard to citations, it was found that 92.33% of the citations (1445) were received by papers written in English with 734 citations (46.90%) followed by those written in Spanish with 711 citations (45.43%).On the other hand, there were five languages that did not receive any citations in any type of collaboration (Portuguese, Galician, German, Italian and Russian) and one in those written by women only (Turkish).
In terms of the type of collaboration, the only papers that exceeded the overall mean number of citations per paper (6.39) were the 120 papers written by men only (7.57), with mixed papers and those written by women only (5.95 and 3.41) being below.Similarly, the only languages that exceeded the average number of citations per paper were those written in English (7.98) and Spanish (7.18).
With regard to collaboration according to the gender of the authors, male participation predominated with 159 participations in papers written only by men (29.44%) compared to those written only by women with 38 (7.04%).On the other hand, in the mixed papers, female participation predominated with 174 participations (32.22%) compared to 169 male participations (31.30%).
The languages with the highest participation were, in the case of men, English with 65 participations in the papers written only by men (12.04%) and 90 in the mixed papers (16.67%), and in the case of women, Spanish with 18 participations in the papers written only by women (3.33%) and English with 87 participations in the mixed papers (16.11%).
Table 4 presents in detail the documents by language, as well as the number of citations, the type of collaboration and the participation according to the gender of the authors.

Documents by publisher
A total of 27 editorials were found in which 121 papers were published (49.39%) of which 64 were written by males only (26.12%), 43 mixed (17.55%) and 14 by females only (5.71%).These papers received a total of 392 citations (22.05%) and a total of 164 male (30.37%) and 108 female (20.00%) entries emerged.
The most productive publishers were Body Music-Body Percussion Press with 36 papers (14.69%) written exclusively by males and the University of Alicante with 23 papers (9.39%) of which 13 were mixed (5.31%), seven written by males only (2.86%) and three by females only (1.22%).On the other hand, 13 of the 27 publishers were found to have published only one paper each (5.31%).
In terms of the number of publishers by type of collaboration, male-only papers predominated with 64 papers (26.12%) published in 15 of the 27 publishers (55.55%) with Body Music-Body Percussion Press being the most productive with 36 papers (14.69%) followed by the 43 mixed papers (17.55%) published in 10 of the 27 publishers.55%) published in 10 of the 27 publishers (37.04%) with the University of Alicante predominating with seven papers (2.86%) and the 14 papers (5.71%) published in seven of the 27 publishers written only by women in which the 4 papers published by Springer Nature predominate (1.63%).
In terms of citations, a total of 392 (25.05%) were obtained, ranging from zero to 192 citations per publisher.There were 10 publishers with no citations and 15 between one and 28 citations.The most cited publisher was the University of Alicante with 192 citations (12.27%) and overall, 24 of the 27 publishers (88.88%) did not exceed the average number of citations per document of 6.39.Documents written by men only were the most cited with 236 citations (15.08%), with Body Music-Body Percussion Press being the most representative with 106 citations (6.77%).Next, mixed papers received a total of 141 citations (9.01%) and the most cited publisher was the University of Alicante with 97 citations (6.20%).Finally, articles written by women only received 15 citations (0.96%) with the most cited publishers being Dykinson, S.L and Roulegde with six citations each (0.38%).
As for the participation of authors according to gender, a total of 272 participations (50.37%) were found, with male participation predominating (30.37%) as opposed to female participation (20.00%).The highest participation of authors was found in the 181 participations (33.52%) of the mixed papers with a higher participation of females (17.22%) than males (16.30%), predominantly in four of the 10 editorials that emerged.On the other hand, in terms of works written only by men or only by women, male participation predominated with 76 participations (14.07%) compared to female participation with 15 (2.78%).
Table 5 shows in more detail the list of documents by publisher, as well as the citations, the type of collaboration and the participation of the authors according to gender.

Documents by congress
A total of 27 congresses were found at which 78 papers were published (31.84%) of which 45 were mixed (18.37%), 30 written by men only (12.24%), and three by women only (1.22%).These papers received a total of 666 citations (42.56%) and a total of 136 male (25.19%) and 100 female (18.52%) participations emerged.
The conference with the highest number of publications was the 7th International Conference on Intercultural Education -Education, Health and ICT -From a Transcultural Perspective (EDUHEM) with 12 papers published (4.90%), six of them mixed (2.45%) and another six by males only (2.45%).On the other hand, 15 congresses were found in which only one paper was published in each one (6.12%),12 of them mixed (4.90%) and three written only by men (1.22%).
With regard to the type of collaboration, it was found that papers written only by men participated in the largest number of congresses, 18 (66.66% of the congresses), while those written only by men participated in 15 (55.55%) and those written only by women in two (7.41%).
In terms of citations, the most cited conferences were the 7th International Conference on Intercultural Education -Education, Health and ICT -From a Transcultural Perspective (EDUHEM) with 162 citations (10.35%) followed by the ERPA International Congress on Education (ERPA CONGRESS 2014) with 118 (7.54%).On the other hand, four congresses were found with no citations, 11 between two and 10, six between 12 and 40, and three between 59 and 86.
The most cited types of collaboration were mixed papers with 369 citations (23.58%) with the most cited congress being ERPA CONGRESS 2014 with 118 citations (7.54%), followed by papers written only by men with 96 (6.13%), all of them received in EDUHEM (6.13%), while papers written only by women did not receive any citations.
Overall, the average number of citations per paper (6.39) was exceeded by both mixed (8.20) and male-only papers (9.90).More specifically, of the 15 conferences that published mixed papers, seven (25.96%) exceeded the average number of citations, while of the 18 that published papers written only by men, 10 (37.04%) exceeded the average number of citations.
In reference to the 236 author participations according to gender (43.70%), 53 male participations (9.81%) were found in papers written only by men and three female participations (0.56%) in papers written only by women.On the other hand, in the mixed papers there were more female than male participations, 97 female (17.96%) and 83 male (15.37%).In these, equality between the gender of authors predominated in eight of the 15 congresses (29.63%), followed by a higher number of female participation in four of the 15 (14.81%) and male participation in three of the 15 (11.11%).
Table 6 shows in greater detail the conferences found with the number of publications and citations, the type of collaboration and the participation of the authors according to gender.
The 46 papers written by men only (18.78%) and the 46 mixed (18.78%) were equally predominant compared to the 17 written by women only (6.94%).At the same time, there was a greater presence of men than women, with 141 participations (26.11%) for men and 98 (18.15%) for women.On the other hand, in the mixed papers, there was a greater presence of women with 78 participations (14.44%) compared to 76 for men (14.07%).
Of the 51 journals found, 19 were included in the 2022 Scimago Journal Rank (37.25%).They came from eight countries and published a total of 51 papers (20.82%).The -1034-Retos, número 51, 2024 (1º trimestre) h-index of the journals ranged from three to 67, with five being the most representative.Spain had the highest number of journals (seven) while the UK had the most prolific journal with 26 papers (10.61%), the most cited journal with 350 (22.36%) and the highest h-index (67).The predominant quartiles were Q2 with six journals (31.58%) followed by Q1 and Q3 with five journals each (26.32% each quartile).Four subject areas were found in these journals, with Arts and Humanities being the most representative (9) followed by Social Sciences (7).In addition, seven different categories were found, the most representative being Music, present in 8 journals (42.11%) followed by Education in 5 (26.32%).
Table 7 shows the 19 journals included in the Scimago Journal Rank 2022.

Documents by type of document
A total of eight different types of documents were found.Book chapters predominated with 80 publications (32.65%).The most cited document type was the article with 600 citations (38.34%).The highest participation of authors according to gender was observed in the book chapter with a male participation of 121 (22.41%) and a female participation of 102 (18.88%).
With regard to the type of collaboration, 120 documents written by men only (48.98%) predominated, with six different types of documents, of which the most significant were the 38 documents in book format (15.51%).This was followed by 91 mixed papers (37.14%) written in three formats, with a predominance of book chapters with 39 documents (15.92%), and finally 34 papers written by women only (13.88%) written in four different types of documents, with a predilection for articles with 17 printouts (6.94%).
In terms of citations, the most cited document types were articles with 600 citations (38.34%) followed by proceedings papers with 451 (28.82%).The range of citations ranged from zero to 600 per document type.Two types of papers were found that did not receive any citations.According to the type of collaboration, the most cited were the 120 papers written only by men (48.98%) which received 908 citations (50.02%) being the only type of collaboration that exceeded the overall average of 6.39 citations per paper (7.57).The most cited document types were: articles in papers written only by men with 368 citations (23.51%) and in papers written only by women with 95 citations (6.07%), and proceedings papers in mixed papers with 268 citations (17.12%).
With regard to the participation of authors according to gender, mixed papers were those with the highest participation (343), with a predominance of women with 174 participations (32.22%) compared to men with 169 (31.30%).In addition, women had greater participation than men in book chapters with 88 participations compared to 83 (16.30% compared to 15.37%) and in proceedings papers with 56 compared to 55 (10.37% compared to 10.19%).In contrast, male participation was higher than female participation in the article format with 31 versus 30 (5.74% versus 5.56%).
Finally, documents written only by men obtained a higher participation than those written only by women with a ratio of 159 vs. 38 (29.44% vs. 7.04%).In both cases, the article prevailed as the format with the greatest presence with 40 male authors (7.41%) and 20 female authors (3.70%).
Table 8 shows in greater detail the number of papers according to the type of document, as well as the citations, the type of collaboration and the participation of the authors according to gender.

Citations by document
In the 245 documents selected in the final sample, we found a range of citations per document between zero and 97, and an average of 6.39 citations per document.
On the other hand, the four papers written alone by a single male that obtained more than 50 citations each were noteworthy.These were: one indexed in primary search engines which received 97 citations (6.19%); one in secondary search engines cited 57 times (3.64%); and two more in secondary search engines cited 56 times each (3.58% each).Table 9 presents the number of citations per paper based on the type of collaboration and search engines, as well as the participation according to the authors' gender.documents written only by women in collaboration between three, four and five authors.With regard to the number of citations, the direct proportional relationship was maintained (the greater the number of documents, the greater the number of citations) with the exception of papers written by eight authors in relation to those written by 11 authors.The average of 6.39 citations per paper was exceeded by papers written by one, three, four, five and 11 authors.Similarly, the papers written only by men that exceeded the average number of citations were those written by one, two, three and four authors, and the mixed papers written by three, four, five and 11 authors.In contrast, none of the papers written only by women exceeded the average number of citations per paper.
The overall participation of authors (540) was mostly male (248) in all types of co-authorship (from one to 11 authors) with the exception of papers written by five, eight and 11 authors in which female participation predominated (47).On the other hand, in the mixed papers, the participation of women (174) prevailed over that of men (169), being higher in papers written by four, five, eight and 11 authors and the same in those written by two authors.
Table shows in more detail the number of authors per paper, as well as the number of citations, the type of collaboration and the participation according to the gender of the authors.

h-index of the authors in the selected sample
A total of 188 authors were found, 89 male (47.34%) and 99 female (52.66%).In relation to the 245 documents analysed in this sample, an author h-index ranging from zero to 17 was found.The h-index 1 was predominant with 99 authors (52.66%), of which 53 were female (28.19%) and 46 were male (24.47%).On the other hand, 46 authors were found with zero h-index (24.47%), 24 females (12.77%) and 22 males (11.70%).In addition, only one author was found in four different h-indexes, with females in five and eight, and males in six and 17.Finally, more females were found in h-indexes one, with 53 females and 46 males, zero, with 27 females and 24 males, and four, with three females and one male.In contrast, males prevailed over females in h-index two and h-index three with a male to female ratio of nine to seven and seven to five respectively.
In terms of citations received, the only male author with h-index 17 was predominant, receiving 1173 citations (74.95%) in 158 documents (64.49%) followed by the 99 authors with h-index one who received 792 citations, 410 received by females and 382 by males.
Table 11 presents in more detail the number of authors per h-index obtained as a function of citations and the number of documents published in the 245 documents analysed in this study.

Scientific productivity of the authors
Based on Crane's (1969) classification of scientific productivity in this study, a transience index of 70.21% was found, with a predominance of 132 transient authors who published only one paper each, with 37.23% female participation (70 female authors) and 32.98% male participation (62 authors).This was followed by 36 small producers (19.15%) who published between two and four papers with 18 male and 18 female participants (9.57% respectively) and 12 moderate producers (6.38%) who published between five and eight papers with a female participation of seven (3.72%) and male participation of five (2.66%).Finally, a total of eight large producers (4.26%) were found who published between 10 and 158 papers with equal male and female participation (four authors of each gender).It should be noted that there was only one male author who participated in 158 papers.
In terms of the number of citations, and bearing in mind that the same citation can be counted among several authors, large producers predominate with 1757 citations, 1380 among men and 377 among women.This was followed by transients with 713, 370 for women and 343 for men.Small producers received 654 citations, 393 for men and 261 for women.The authors who received the fewest citations were moderate producers with 323 citations, 227 for women and 96 for men.
Table 12 shows more specifically and according to gender the scientific productivity of the authors and the citations received.

Large producers according to Crane's classification (1969).
Eight large producers were found who published between 10 and 158 first order papers of which four were male (2.13%) and four female (2.13%), all of them belonging to the BAPNE research group with an h-index between 3 and 17.The range of publications indexed in primary search engines (Wos/Scopus) ranged between 0 and 43 with a range of citations per author between 0 and 550.On the other hand, the range of papers indexed in secondary search engines ranged between 10 and 115 papers whose authors received between nine and 623 citations.
The most productive and representative author in all aspects was Romero-Naranjo, FJ who presented an h-index of 17 and 158 first order papers with 43 of them appearing in primary search engines cited 550 times, and 115 papers in secondary search engines with 623 citations.It participated in 64.49% of the publications in this analysis and received a total of 1173 citations (74.95%).In addition, he published 52.95% of the papers written alone (63 out of 119) and was also the most representative author in this field.On the other hand, the most representative women were Crespo-Colomino, N with 15 papers each in primary search engines with six papers and 88 citations, and Liendo-Cardenas, A in secondary search engines with 13 publications and 54 citations.
Table 13 shows more specifically the h-index, number of papers and citations in primary and secondary search engines, as well as the gender and research group of the major producers of first-order literature on body percussion.

Most cited articles
The range of citations of the five most relevant papers was between 40 and 97 receiving in total 20.00% of the citations in this study (313).All of them were written alone, four first-order articles written by a man and one second-order article by a woman.Moreover, three of the five articles are indexed in secondary search engines and the other two in primary search engines.
The author of the most cited article was Romero-Naranjo, FJ who wrote in English in 2013 the paper Science & Art of body percussion: A review in the Spanish Journal of Human Sport and Exercise and received 97 citations (6.20%).
Table 14 presents the five most cited papers from this research.

Documents by research group
In the analysis carried out, only one research group (BAPNE) was found, made up of 88 authors who participated at some time in the group, 40 of whom were men (45.45%) and 48 women (54.55%).This group, led by Phd.Francisco Javier Romero Naranjo (creator of the method), published only and exclusively first-order documents, both intervention, non-intervention or justification and research protocol, indexed in primary (Wos/Scopus) and secondary search engines on different topics and populations, with body percussion and the stimulation of cognitive and executive functions being the central axis of their research.
On the other hand, the rest of the independent authors or those belonging to a research group not exclusively focused on body percussion consisted of 101 researchers, of which 50 were male (49.51%) and 51 were female (50.49%).It should be noted that one author was found to participate in both groups.These independent authors published first and second order papers both intervention and non-intervention or justification and research protocol papers indexed in primary and secondary search engines.
In terms of collaboration between authors, 91 documents written only by men predominated (37.14%) with 783 citations (50.03), 76 of them indexed in secondary search engines (31.02%) with 513 citations (32.78%) and 15 in primary search engines (6.12%) with 270 citations (17.25%).On the other hand, there was also a predominance of 70 mixed papers (28.57%) with 449 citations (28.69%) distributed in 42 papers found in secondary search engines (17.14%) with 169 citations (10.80%) and 28 papers in primary search engines (11.43%) cited 280 times (17.89%).It is noteworthy that no papers written only by women were found in this group.
Continuing with the collaboration between authors, the 34 papers from the non-BAPNE group (13.88%) predominated with 116 citations (7.41%) divided into 22 papers found in secondary search engines (8.98%) with 31 citations (1.98%), and 12 papers found in primary search engines (4.90%) with 85 citations (5.43%).It is noteworthy to mention that in these documents written only by women not belonging to any exclusive research group on body percussion, second-order documents predominated, both in primary and secondary search engines.
In relation to the type of intervention with body percussion activities, the 135 non-intervention or justification papers published by the BAPNE research group predominated (55.10%) and cited 928 times (59.30%).These were divided into 114 papers found in secondary search engines (46.53%) and 675 citations (43.13%), and 21 in primary search engines (8.57%) cited 253 times (16.17%).Similarly, under the BAPNE research group registration there were also eight research protocol articles (3.27%) cited 90 times (5.75%) with seven in primary search engines (2.86%) with 90 citations (5.75%), and one with no citations in secondary search engines.
Continuing with the type of intervention with body percussion activities, the 24 intervention articles carried out by the group of independent authors predominated (9.80%) cited 99 times (6.33%) with 17 of them found in -1040-Retos, número 51, 2024 (1º trimestre) secondary search engines (6.94%) and cited 57 times (3.64%).It should be noted that in this group, secondorder papers (10) predominated over first-order papers (7) in secondary search engines, and first-order papers (4) over second-order papers (3) in primary search engines.On the other hand, it was observed that the BAPNE research group published the largest number of intervention papers in primary search engines, specifically 15 documents (6.12%) that received 207 citations (13.23%).
Finally, and looking at the participation according to the gender of the authors, at a general level, a male predominance was found with 328 participations (60.74%) compared to women with 212 (39.26%).The BAPNE research group presented a higher number of participations than the non-BAPNE group in both the 267 male participations (49.44%) and the 145 female participations (26.85%).In the BAPNE research group there were more male than female participants (267-145), while the opposite was true for the non-BAPNE group (67-61).
Table 15 shows in more detail the number of documents, citations, collaboration and participation of authors according to gender based on research groups.

Documents by type of intervention
The 245 documents analysed in this study were classified as intervention documents when some type of treatment was applied to participants with body percussion activities and in turn some dependent variable was measured; non-intervention, when no treatment was applied, but the use of body percussion was substantiated; and protocol, when a research design was presented as a model that was not carried out.
In terms of collaboration between authors, the 107 papers written by men alone in the non-intervention papers (43.67%) and the five research protocol papers (2.04%) were noteworthy.On the other hand, in the intervention papers, 26 mixed papers predominated (10.61%), with a higher participation of women than men, with 51 female authors (9.44%) compared to 45 male authors (8.33%).Similarly, at the general level, in the 42 intervention documents (17.14%), the female presence prevailed with 60 participations (11.11%) compared to 57 male participations (10.56%).
Table 16 shows the list of documents, citations, collaboration between authors and participation of authors based on the intervention with body percussion activities.

Documents by research design and type of intervention study activities
A total of 42 intervention papers were found with 313 citations (20.00%) of which 28 were quantitative (11.43%), 11 qualitative (4.49%) and three mixed (1.22%).Sixteen were found in primary search engines (6.53%) and 12 in secondary search engines (4.90%).It was noted that both control and experimental group type (21) and experimental group only (21) were used equally in these investigations.A repeated measures (pre-post) type of evaluation was administered in 28 investigations (11.43%) and non-repeated (post only) in 14 (5.71%).Twenty-six papers (10.61%) were found in mixed (malefemale) collaboration, eight written by males only (3.27%) and eight by females only (3.27%).There were 60 female contributions (11.11%) and 57 male contributions (10.55%).It was noted that 11 intervention papers were written alone (4.49%) with seven written by women (2.86%) and four by men (1.63%).
Regarding the type of activities used as intervention treatment, 19 studies were found with BAPNE activities (7.76%); another 19 with body percussion activities not located under any method (7.76%); and four studies that applied body percussion activities based on some methodology, two of them based on Dalcroze (0.82%), one on Orff (0.41%) and another on Kodaly (0.41%).
Quantitative studies found in primary search engines using BAPNE body percussion activities, with quasiexperimental design, repeated measures (pre-post) applied to control and experimental groups, predominated.In addition, there was a predominance of mixed male-female collaborative studies, with male participation being more pronounced.Finally, the research written by women alone found in secondary search engines that used body percussion activities not ascribed to any methodology, with action research as design, with only experimental group and with repeated measures (pre-post) were remarkable.
Table 17 shows in more detail the number of intervention papers based on the research design and the type of body percussion activities used.

Evaluation instruments for intervention papers
A total of 25 different assessment instruments were found in the 42 intervention investigations.A range of one to six assessment instruments were used per intervention paper.The 29 papers that made use of a single assessment instrument predominated (11.84%) and were cited 187 times (11.95%).Of these, 26 were first order (10.61%) and three were second order (1.22%), with indexed in primary search engines (6.53%) and 13 in secondary search engines (5.31%).The BAPNE research group published 15 of these 29 intervention papers using a single assessment instrument (6.12%), all of them first-order, while the other 14 papers (5.71%) were published by independent authors.In addition, there was a predominance of mixed papers with 17 printings (6.94%) and more female participation with 44 participations (8.15%) than male with 43 (7.96%).
Table 18 shows the number of evaluation instruments per intervention paper, as well as citations, indexation, research group, order of treatment, collaboration between authors and participation according to authors' gender.
On the other hand, of the 25 different assessment instruments found in the 42 intervention papers, the test and the questionnaire predominated, the former being used in 15 papers (6.12%) and the latter in 11 (4.49%).Both types of evaluation instruments were more present in firstorder papers (14 and 8) than in second-order papers (one and three), as well as in primary search engines (11 and six) than in secondary ones (four and five).
Mixed papers used the test more frequently (11 papers), with more male participation (31) than female participation (28).However, the questionnaire was used more in the 6 papers written by women only (2.45%) and had more female participation (13) than male (7).
The BAPNE research group made use of six different types of assessment instruments and the test predominated with 13 uses.In contrast, the independent authors used 23 different types, with the questionnaire predominating with 8 uses.
Finally, the scale, the video recording and the interview were used in five works each (2.04%).Table 19 presents the assessment instruments found in the intervention studies, as well as the indexation, research group, order of treatment, collaboration between authors and participation according to the gender of the authors.
Other subjects that emerged in this analysis other than education were active ageing with four research papers (1.63%) and 52 citations (3.32%), and therapy with two papers (0.82%) cited 28 times (1.79%).
Both primary and secondary populations were dominated by first-order papers indexed in primary search engines.However, although first-order papers also predominated in initial teacher education, they were mainly found in secondary search engines.
Table 20 presents in detail the intervention papers found according to research subject and participant population.

Discussion
Q1: What is the chronological evolution of productivity and citation?
The uninterrupted annual publication starts in 2008 and the most productive years were 2019 with 37 publications and 2014 with 32.This is consistent with the 6th (2019-2020) and 4th (2014)(2015)(2016) stages of evolution of the BAPNE method proposed by Arnau-Mollá and Romero-Naranjo (2022d).The main characteristics of the 6th stage were the quantitative intervention focused on the stimulation of executive functions as a result of the second promotion of the master's degree in body percussion (7 works), and the third period of substantiation with 14 books written by Romero-Naranjo that substantiate neuromotricity and executive functions.It also contributed that this year was the most productive year for independent authors with 12 publications.On the other hand, the second year with the highest number of publications (2014) coincides with the 4th stage (creation of the school and expansion) in which participation in national and international congresses began (18 papers) and six foundation books were created.
In terms of citations, 2022 was the year with the highest number of citations with 516, in which a total of 119 papers were cited, receiving between one and 20 citations, with the most significant jump between years, going from 248 in 2021 to 516 in 2022.This may be due to the fact that in this year 24 first-order papers were published that exclusively allude to body percussion (Serna et al., 2018;Arnau-Mollá & Romero-Naranjo, 2022a, 2022b), each of them citing a large number of references on body percussion.
In reference to collaboration between authors, the 120 documents written by only men predominate.Here we find two reasons that justify these results.The first is that Romero-Naranjo, as the most significant author, publishes 63 documents alone, and there are also 26 more documents written alone by independent male authors.The second is that Romero-Naranjo, as director of the BAPNE research group, is part of all the publications created by this group, supervising their content.Therefore, there are no publications written by women alone in 65.71% of the publications in this sample (161 papers).
Alluding to gender and participation, the number of authors has tripled in the last five years since Serna et al., 2018 which collects a total of 62 authors with 49.10% male (26) and 58.10% female (36).A total of 188 authors and 540 participations are found in this study.There are more women (100) than men (88).On the other hand, participation is more male (328) than female (212).The reason that even though there are more women, the higher number of male authors is due, once again, to the presence of Romero-Naranjo, who alone has 158 participations out of the 328 total of male authors.In fact, in the mixed papers, the female presence is slightly predominant with 174 participations compared to 169 male ones.Q2: What is the productivity and citation by country?There are 19 participating countries in this sample, with Spain being the most productive and significant with 159 papers and 899 citations, followed by the UK with 39 papers and 485 citations.
The predominance of Spain is in line with the work presented by Arnau-Mollá andRomero-Naranjo (2022a, 2022b) and Serna et al. (2018).This is linked to the fact that 72.67% of the papers written by the BAPNE research group (117) and 50.00% of the production of the independent authors (42) are published in Spanish journals, conferences and publishing houses.On the other hand, the second position occupied by the United Kingdom with 39 documents is mostly linked to the 4th, 5th and 6th stages presented by Arnau-Mollá and Romero-Naranjo, (2022d), in which collaborations in international congresses emerge in the 4th stage; the research designs of the first training of the Master of Body Percussion in the 5th stage; and the quantitative intervention research focused on the stimulation of the executive functions of the second promotion of the Master of Body Percussion.It should be noted that all but one of the documents found in this country are found in primary search engines.
In terms of citations, both the predominance of Spain as the most cited country (899), and the second place occupied by the United Kingdom (485), are closely linked to the order of treatment of the published documents and the number of first-order references they contain, 136 out of 159 in the case of Spain, and 31 out of 39 in the case of the United Kingdom.
In terms of collaboration and author participation, there is a predominance of mixed papers used in eight countries and male participation in nine others.Equal male and female participation is found in four countries.
Q3: What is the productivity and citation by language?Ten different languages are found, with Spanish predominating with 99 documents and 711 citations, followed by English with 92 papers and 734 citations.These results are in line with Arnau-Mollá and Romero-Naranjo (2022a, 2022b) when sectioned into secondary search engines, in which Spanish is predominant, and primary search engines, in which English is predominant.The fact that Spanish predominates is due to the greater number of documents published in secondary search engines, as just over half of the sample (51.02%) is found in these, with Spanish occupying 35.41%.
As far as citations are concerned, we can say that the papers in English from primary search engines are the most cited, as they obtain the highest number of citations with the lowest number of documents.
In reference to the number of languages according to the collaboration between the authors, we find parity in the works written by only men with those written by only women, with eight languages each.In both cases, Spanish is predominant, while in the mixed papers it is English.
The predominant participation of men is English and that of women is Spanish in the papers written by only women and English in the mixed papers.
Q4: What is the productivity and citation by publisher?
In the selected sample (245) there are 27 different publishers that publish 121 documents, 117 of them in secondary search engines, cited on 392 occasions, with a predominance of works written only by men and with male participation.It should be noted that all of them are of first order, with the exception of the four papers indexed in primary search engines, which are of second order.
The most significant are Body Music-Body Percussion Press with 36 documents, followed by the University of Alicante with 23.This predominance is linked to the BAPNE research group, since the former publishes 36 of the 38 books on neuromotricity fundamentals and activities of the BAPNE method written by a single author; and the latter publishes 82.61% of the authors belonging to this group under the signature of the University of Alicante.
In terms of citations, the University of Alicante, with fewer documents, obtains a greater number of citations.This is due to the fact that the books published in Body Music-Body Percussion Press are not in open access or in pdf, but in the library of the University of Alicante, which greatly reduces the possibility of their consultation, and with it the possibility that they can be cited.Q5: What is the productivity and citation by conference?
A total of 27 congresses appear in which 78 papers are published, mostly in secondary search engines, cited 666 times mainly in primary search engines, with a predominance of mixed papers (with a higher number of women) and male participation in general.
The most representative conference, in terms of papers and citations, is the 7th International Conference on Intercultural Education -Education, Health and ICT -From a Transcultural Perspective (EDUHEM) with 12 papers all in primary search engines, written in English and entirely belonging to the BAPNE research group, cited 162 times.
This prevalence is associated with the 5th stage of evolution of the BAPNE method from 2017-2018 (Arnau-Mollá & Romero-Naranjo, 2022d) whose main characteristic is the publication of protocol or research design articles resulting from the first training of the master's degree in body percussion, as well as the second period of foundation in which the interest in multiple intelligences is progressively abandoned and focuses on the stimulation of cognitive and executive functions.
Q6: What is the productivity and citation by journals?A total of 51 journals are found, publishing 109 papers and 1110 citations, mainly indexed in primary search engines in article format.
The most prolific are the 21 Spanish journals, followed by the seven from the United Kingdom, which publish an equal number of papers written only by men and mixed journals in which male participation predominates.It is worth noting that the journal Música y Educación: Revista Trimestral de Pedagogía Musical, one of the two most productive Spanish journals until 2022, ceased its activity in 2014, being a great loss for the subject, since it accepted first-rate papers on body percussion with more than considerable extensions of between 40 and 50 pages (Romero-Naranjo, 2006;2008c).
There are 19 journals from eight different countries included in the 2022 Scimago Journal Rank, publishing 51 papers.In these, it is also observed that Spanish journals predominate, followed by those from the United Kingdom.
The most representative quartile is Q2, closely followed by Q1 and Q3, with the main subject area being Arts and Humanities, and the category Music.
The most prolific journals are Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences with 26 papers and Retos-Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación with 6 papers.The former has an h-index of 67, the highest found in this study.It is part of the prestigious Elsevier publishing house and is an open access collection, indexed in occupies the second position.
Romero-Naranjo, FJ, only published first-order papers exclusively on body percussion in 2001, 2004, 2006 and 2008, and continuously since 2011.His production is dominated by the foundational literature (132), followed by intervention (18) and research design (8), with 115 documents in secondary search engines, 60 of which are solo, and 43 in primary search engines with three solo.
Q13: Which papers were the most cited?
The most representative works are, in primary engines, Science & Art of body percussion: A review, written in 2013 by Romero-Naranjo, FJ in the Spanish Journal of Human Sport and Exercise with 97 citations; and in secondary engines, Percusión corporal en diferentes culturas, also by Romero-Naranjo, FJ published in 2008 by the journal Música y Educación: Revista Trimestral de Pedagogía Musical with 63 citations.
The former is the only review article to date on body percussion that is already a decade old and contains a critical classification of the subject up to 2013.Therefore, due to the great evolution in the literature presented in this study, a new review paper is needed to more accurately reflect the current state of body percussion.
Q14: What is the productivity per research group?
In this analysis there is only one research group that writes exclusively first-order papers on body percussion, led by the creator of the BAPNE method, Phd.Francisco Javier Romero-Naranjo.This group is made up of 88 authors (45.45% male and 54.55% female) and publishes 65.71% of the sample analysed (161) receiving 78.72% of the total citations (1232).
In reference to the type of collaboration, 56.52% of their production (91) is published by men only, while 43.48% is in mixed collaboration (70).The fact that within this group there are no works written by women only is due to the fact that the director of the group reviews and supervises all the documents, and therefore participates as co-author in all of them.
According to Crane's classification (1969), this group has a transience of 53.41% (47 authors with only one paper), a far cry from the 75% indicated by Price (Vallejo, 2005).On the other hand, there are 23 small producers who write between two and four papers (26.14%), 10 moderate producers between five and nine (11.36%), and eight large producers with more than 10 papers (9.09%).
If we refer to the gender of the authors in this group, we find a higher percentage of transient (55.00%/52.08%),moderate (12.50%/10.42%),and large producers (10.00%/8.33%) in men than in women, while women have a higher number of small producers than men (29.16%/22.50%).It should be noted that even though there are more women in the group, men participate more regularly in both secondary (185/93) and primary (82/52) search engine indexed documents.
Finally, and without being the subject of this study, it is worth mentioning the new appearance in 2023 of the research group of the University of Alicante Neuromotricity and Motor Literacy (Neuromotricity).This group is directed by Phd Romero-Naranjo and under which all future publications focused on the 15 lines of research mentioned in the introduction will be collected, rendering obsolete the former BAPNE research group that operated from 2001 to 2022.
Q15: What type of work prevails?It is found that 74.98% of the documents are of substantiation or non-intervention (194).In secondary search engines 61.63% (151) were found with 47.94% of the papers written only by men (93), while in primary search engines 18 mixed papers (9.28%) predominated with a greater male participation (30).
The predominance in the secondary search engines is due to the presence of Romero-Naranjo, who alone publishes 38 books, 11 of the 26 book chapters, 10 of the 23 articles, and one proceeding paper out of the six that have appeared.In addition, the remaining five proceedings papers are written by men only.
Q16: What research designs predominate in intervention work?
In the selected sample, 17.14% of papers apply an intervention treatment (42), with 22 papers in primary search engines (10 first-order and 10 second-order) and 20 in secondary search engines (19 first-order and 3 secondorder).
The intervention papers appeared in 2013 in secondary search engines and began to be published continuously from 2015 onwards.In these, there is a predominance of mixed papers (10) and equal participation of men and women (14).On the other hand, primary search engines start a little later, in 2014, and from 2019 they are published regularly every year.In this case, there is also a predominance of mixed jobs (16), while participation is mostly female (37/31).
The quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design predominates, with a control and experimental group and repeated measures before and after the intervention with body percussion activities of the BAPNE method (pretest-posttest), all of them in the educational setting.Specifically in the stages of Primary Education -1047-Retos, número 51, 2024 (1º trimestre) (Arnau-Mollá & Romero-Naranjo, 2020;Carretero-Martínez et al., 2014;Cozzutti et al., 2019;Díaz, 2016;Torró-Biosca et al, 2019); Secondary Education (Fabra-Brell & Romero-Naranjo, 2017b;Piqueres et al., 2019aPiqueres et al., , 2019b)); Elementary Grade in music conservatories (Ros-Silla et al., 2019), and Intermediate Grade in music conservatories (Moral et al., 2020).This prevalence in the type of design of the intervention works fully coincides with Arnau-Mollá and Romero-Naranjo (2022a).In contrast, with Arnau-Mollá and Romero-Naranjo (2022b), only the type of quantitative approach and the type of BAPNE activities coincide, while in the latter, action research, the absence of a control group, and the use of a single evaluation measure (only post-test) predominate.Q17: What types of assessment instruments are used in intervention work?
A total of 25 different assessment instruments were found in the 42 intervention papers, with a range of one to six per paper.Most of the research uses a single assessment instrument (29), refers exclusively to body percussion (26), is indexed in primary search engines ( 16), and has mixed collaboration (17).In addition, female participation is minimally higher than male participation (44/43).
The most frequently used type of evaluation instrument is the test (15) followed by the questionnaire (11), and they are more present in first-order documents (14/8) and in primary search engines (11/6).Mixed papers use the test most regularly (11), usually with slightly more male than female participation (31/28) in the test, and vice versa in the questionnaire (13/7).The tendency to use the test followed by the questionnaire is also observed in Arnau-Mollá and Romero-Naranjo (2022a), but not in Arnau-Mollá and Romero-Naranjo (2022b), where the questionnaire prevails over the test.
The BAPNE research group uses only six types of assessment instruments in their 18 intervention studies, while the independent authors use 23.This is due to the fact that, as a research group, they plan research on the same line and population, and thus the type of assessment instruments to be used.
Q18: Which settings and populations are most researched in intervention work?
There are five areas in which we intervene through body percussion, among which the educational area predominates with 36 documents and 246 citations, 19 of them indexed in secondary search engines with 64 citations, and the other 17 in primary search engines with 182 citations.The main target population is primary school pupils (6 to 12 years old) followed by secondary school pupils (12 to 16 years old).On the other hand, there is a prevalence of first order papers (24/12) and mixed collaboration with 21 papers with a higher participation of males than females (50/46).These results are in line with those found by Arnau-Mollá and Romero-Naranjo (2022b) in terms of the scope and population involved.

Conclusion
The scientific-academic study of body percussion has grown exponentially, as 88.98% of the papers have been published in the last decade.This study presents the state of the art of body percussion up to 2022, through the bibliometric evolution of the subject based on the documents found in primary and secondary search engines, and with a focus on gender and the impact of the publications.
The main results obtained in this research are as follows: a) That most of the literature is of a theoretical or foundational nature that deals exclusively with body percussion, published in Spain and written in Spanish in book chapter format and indexed in secondary search engines, whose maximum exponent is the Phd Francisco Javier Romero-Naranjo who directs the only exclusive research group on body percussion in the line of stimulation of cognitive and executive functions, as well as the new research group of the University of Alicante, Neuromotricity and Motor Literacy (Neuromotricity) with 15 open lines of research.
b) That there is a predominance of documents written by men only, as well as greater male participation, although there is a greater number of female authors.c) That most of the intervention research is applied in the field of Primary Education through a quantitative approach, quasi-experimental design, with a control and experimental group, and repeated measures (pretestposttest) using the test as an evaluation instrument.
This work can be of great help and serve as a basis for future researchers who intend to carry out work on the subject, as they will find a global vision of the current panorama of body percussion, as well as a large number of references to existing works.On the other hand, it presents new variables and substantial differences with previous works, in terms of the combination of primary and secondary search engines, including more databases than the previous ones in the secondary ones; inclusion of the study of gender, providing information on the type of collaboration between authors (only men, only women, mixed) and the degree of participation according to gender; the impact of the documents, providing the number of citations in all variables; the impact of the authors, showing the h-index obtained in this study based on their number of publications and citations received; the inclusion and discussion of 18 research questions that will summarise the main results obtained; the provision of tables with a large amount of additional information.All this will allow readers not only to know the general results, but also to appreciate in a very detailed way the breakdown of the results, allowing them to make additional unwritten interpretations of each variable.
Some limitations of the study could be, on the one hand, the lack of figures or graphs that summarise the main results in a more visual way; and on the other, the inclusion of some documents not found in scientific-academic search engines, but which we are absolutely certain meet the inclusion criteria of this study.
Finally, and as a line for the future, it would be advisable to carry out a review study that would include and critically treat the content found in this study, given that the existing content is already a decade old.Furthermore, a statistical analysis could be carried out to determine whether the differences in impact and publication according to gender are significant or not; and a systematic review with metaanalysis could be carried out to exclude the significance of the results found in the body percussion intervention studies.
Creation of the school and expansion.In this stage, interventions in international education congresses, as well as publications in English indexed in Wos, the creation of the first Masters on body percussion in Spain, Italy, Mexico and Costa Rica, and the first quantitative research on intervention, as well as a first approach to executive functions.-5thStage2017-2018.Research designs and second period of substantiation.This stage is characterised by the progressive abandonment of multiple intelligences in favour of the stimulation of cognitive and executive functions, as well as the publication of research design articles by the students of the first promotion of the Master in Body Percussion and the beginning of interest in neuromotricity.-6thPhase2019-2020.Quantitative intervention and third period of foundation.The main features of this stage are the quantitative intervention research focused on the stimulation of executive functions by the second graduating class of the Master of Body Percussion, and the extensive publication of books that substantiate neuromotricity and executive functions.-7thPhase 2021-2022.Continuation of the foundation and agglutination of the literature.In this stage, the methodology continues to be based on the executive functions and neuromotricity; bibliometric studies on body percussion appear; the first kinetic study is published; and two research studies are carried out, still pending data analysis, with a sample of N=298 and N=289 students of Didactics of Musical Expression of the Degree in Early Childhood Teaching of the Faculty of Education of the University of Alicante.

Table 17 .
Documents by research design and type of intervention study activities

Table 19 .
Evaluation instruments for intervention studies