Analysis of the physical condition of soccer athletes through the yo-yo test: a survey study on preparation for the provincial sports week

. Background and Study Aim. Activities carried out for a long time must have a good foundation of VO2max (maximum oxygen volume). Exercise with the right prescription and in no time will increase your VO2max ability. Characteristics of the sport of football which has a long duration of time and a wide field. Based on this, the VO2max ability of football players should be high. The purpose of this study was to see the ability of the maximum oxygen volume of football sports which are conducting training camps in preparation for the provincial sports week. Materials and Methods. This study uses a quantitative approach through survey methods. Where in the research there were tests and measurements to find out the level of VO2max ability. The subjects in this study were the Gabsis football club which was preparing for the provincial sports week (PORPOV). The sampling technique in this study used saturated sampling so that all athletes were sampled, namely 25 soccer athletes. The test instrument used was the yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1. Furthermore, the data obtained in the field was analyzed using descriptive statistics assisted by the Microsoft Excel 2019 application. Results. Based on the research results, the VO2max level is 32% in the below average category. Furthermore, there are 48% in the average category, and 20% in the good category. Based on these findings, the average VO2max ability of soccer athletes is in the sufficient category. Conclusions. The average categorization of Club Gabsis players is still relatively low based on the results of the VO2max ability test. However, it is important to note that the limitations of this study are the players' uncontrolled dietary consumption and their age, both of which must be taken into account by researchers. It can also find information on the impact of athlete nutrition on endurance abilities.


Introduction
VO2max is an indicator of aerobic power metabolism that is widely used in various sports and is consistently used to determine aerobic performance.VO2max is also considered the gold standard and the most significant measure of aerobic ability (Jemni, Prince, & Baker, 2019).As happens in long-distance runners who have efficient use of VO2max energy during running (I.Aziz et al., 2023;Larsen & Sheel, 2015).In addition, the ability to generate great strength is supported by aerobic capacity (Ahsan & Ali, 2021).Research conducted by (Bento-Torres et al., 2019)confirms that high maximal oxygen volume levels are able to carry out activities with higher intensity, longer and reduce excessive fatigue after carrying out activities.
The results of subsequent studies that have been reviewed regarding increasing VO2max provide information that is not much different.Type of exercise, movement intensity, and duration of physical activity can affect differences in VO2max values (Charmas, 2018;Debnath, 2019).Humans who are born have the same opportunity to be able to improve their cardiovascular abilities of the heart and lungs (Tettero et al., 2018), especially those who are active in sports and exercise regularly (Manchado, Cortell-Tormo, & Tortosa-Martínez, 2018), this is because by exercising the body will become fit and indirectly will be physically healthy (Hardinata et al., 2021).Previous research has provided information that being active in sports activities will have an impact on fitness and ability.However, to increase VO2max it should be done with a measure of intensity each time you exercise.
VO2max is one of the important factors in sports (Naranjo Orellana & Muela Galán, 2021).Sport requires cardiovascular endurance related to the aerobic ability of athletes (Bo, 2023).Well-developed aerobic fitness helps soccer players maintain repetitive high-intensity performance in soccer matches, speed up the recovery process, and maintain their physical condition at optimal levels throughout the entire game and season [32 (Stølen, Chamari, Castagna, & Wisløff, 2005).
Football is a sport game that is very popular with the community (Suryadi, Okilanda, et al., 2023).Where is this sport which mainly focuses on running and has high requirements for its own cardiopulmonary endurance (Wright, Hurst, & Aylor, 2016).Soccer players require a maximum volume of oxygen to perform high-speed actions during soccer matches (Taskin & Taskin, 2021).Therefore aerobic capacity is very important for the performance of soccer players (Papadopoulos, Metaxas, & Fotiadou, 2022;Pulido, Ortiz-Pulido, Gómez-Figueroa, & Ortiz-Pulido, 2022).This review illustrates that soccer is a sport that has a high intensity, therefore the VO2max ability must be possessed by soccer athletes.
In soccer, a good aerobic system is needed (Nugroho & Kusuma, 2022).An example of a soccer player using an aerobic energy system is when a soccer player is jogging (Purba & Setiowati, 2022).In addition, a positive relationship (between VO2max and running performance during matches) can influence the way soccer players train (Papadopoulos et al., 2022).That way, it will help the coach estimate the running performance of the player's match through measurement.The VO2max ability of football players is low, so it will be difficult for them to carry out activities for a long time.Performance during the match is not optimal until concentration becomes disturbed as the body's energy runs out which will reduce performance.
This research is important to do as an effort to prove the importance of VO2max for athletes, especially soccer players.Football is a sport that uses complex energy processing using two energy systems, namely aerobic (maximum oxygen volume) and anaerobic (Jarkasih & Fardi, 2020).In addition, information related to VO2max can be used as input for consideration in planning athlete development programs.This is also because a high level of aerobic capacity helps soccer players cope with physical demands and challenges (Impellizzeri, Rampinini, & Marcora, 2005), and have a faster recovery during matches (Brown, Hughes, & Tong, 2007).
Several studies that have been conducted provide information about the importance of VO2max for athletes with good standards above ordinary people.The type of test used to measure the maximum oxygen volume is using the yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1.By knowing the endurance of athletes, this will make it easier for coaches to design the right training program (Suryadi, Yanti, et al., 2023).Based on these problems, this study aims to see the ability of the maximum oxygen volume of the football sport which is conducting training camps in preparation for the provincial sports week.

Participants
The population of this study were all players who had registered after registering to join the Gabsis soccer team squad.Then the sampling technique uses saturated sampling, which means that all players on the team will take the VO2max test and measurement.

Research Design
This study uses a quantitative approach through survey methods, namely the existence of tests and measurements of the sample.The instrument used in this study was the yoyo intermittent recovery test level 1 as a valid tool for measuring the VO2max level of football athletes (Hardinata et al., 2021) (Yanti, Gustian, Gani, & Setiawan, 2022).The implementation of the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 has a 20 meter running track.Running speed will increase according to level, with active recovery/10 second rest between 5 meter runs.To avoid injury during the exam, the athlete first warmed up and stretched.Furthermore, the test is deemed complete if the player fails to cross the finish line twice or if the player no longer feels like completing the moderate test at the predetermined speed (Schmitz et al., 2018).

Statistical Analysis
Data analysis in this research uses descriptive percentages, to determine the VO2max level of soccer athletes.Then data calculations are assisted using the Microsoft Excel 2019 software application.Furthermore, the fitness norm category is used to find out an explanation of the VO2max value achieved by athletes based on (Hardinata et al., 2021).

Results
This research took place on the Gabsis football field, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia.The measurement test used is the yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1.Based on the players who took the measurement test, the results of the VO2max value distribution are described in the following table.The value of the VO2max level in soccer athletes is shown based on the findings data presented in Tables 2 and  3. Based on these results, the athlete's VO2max ability is 32% in the below average category.Furthermore, there are 48%% in average, and 20% in the Good category.Based on these findings, the average VO2max ability of soccer athletes is in the sufficient category.Where this result is still relatively low for a soccer athlete who should have a good VO2max level.Where football athletes who take this test are athletes who are selected from the best regions.The results of the study show that the VO2max value in the Gabsis men's soccer athletes has a sufficient average of 48% with a value range of 45.1-48.8.The results can be seen from the percentage of VO2max levels in athletes.A study revealed that the VO2max value that a male soccer player must have is 50-75 ml/kg/min (Modric, Versic, & Sekulic, 2020).However, when viewed from the competitive level, the VO2max value in men's football ranges from 48-62 ml/kg/min (Slimani, Znazen, Miarka, & Bragazzi, 2019).Based on the results of relevant research reviews, the average VO2max ability of the Gabsis football players is still relatively low.This can be seen from the results achieved with the most being in the moderate category.The VO2max value for each player is different, such as position and physiology.
The results of a scientific literature review regarding VO2max values vary between 48.4 -57.5 ml/kg/min for goalkeepers, 53.2 -62.8 ml/kg/min for defenders, 54.7 -63 ml/kg/ min for midfielder and 54 -62.9 for attacker (Slimani et al., 2019).The difference in the VO2max value Poor is influenced by the performance and cruising range of each football player, between the goalkeeper and the defenders, midfielders and forwards (attackers).The results of this study provide information about differences in the VO2max ability of soccer players with existing standards.The cause of this occurrence may be due to the short duration of physical exercise or the repetition and intensity that is not quite right.Therefore for the development of endurance it should be done with well-organized training ranging from duration, repetition and intensity to have a positive effect (Bompa & Buzzichelli, 2015).
VO2max has become an issue in the world of performance sports.Various studies have been carried out to increase the maximum oxygen volume capacity.this is because the maximal oxygen volume capacity is obtained through exercise adaptation (Joyner & Lundby, 2018).Through a high volume of oxygen, it can increase stamina so that it has good endurance during matches (Septiany, Basyar, & Hardian, 2019).Recovery time is faster and shows maximum performance when under high pressure (Ridho Bahtra, Asmawi, Widiastuti, & Dlis, 2020;Pratama & Bafirman, 2020).VO2max capacity is especially important for football players because it affects running performance during matches, the number of sprints, and the amount of action with the ball (Helgerud, Engen, Wisloff, & Hoff, 2001).Up to the running distance in a match (Gamonales, León, Rojas-Valverde, Sánchez-Ureña, & Muñoz-Jiménez, 2021).
VO2max has a relationship with running performance in a match which is usually influenced by the opponent, match level, tactical role, playing position and level of motivational stimulus boost (Slimani et al., 2019).In addition, differences in oxygen volume between players must be considered to optimize physiological responses during high-intensity running activities (Riboli, Coratella, Rampichini, Limonta, & Esposito, 2022).This is because VO2max is a differentiator in football appearance at the age of 14, 15 and 16 years (Le, Carling, Williams, & Reilly, 2010).

Conclusions
Based on the results of research on VO2max in soccer athletes in preparation for the provincial sports week.The research results have a strong foundation regarding VO2max, which has been included in the results discussion.The results showed that the VO2max ability level of Gabsis club soccer athletes on average was in the Average category.However, these results are still relatively low and football athletes should at least have good VO2max abilities.This is also due to the need for high intensity in the game.These results have provided additional new references related to VO2max in soccer games.With the results of this study, it can be a reference for coaches in developing appropriate training programs for athletes, especially in the sport of football.However, it should be noted that the limitations of this study lie in the condition of the players' nutritional intake which has not been controlled and their age which must also be taken into consideration by researchers.Furthermore, it can find out information on the influence of athlete nutrition on endurance.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. VO2max Athlete Speak Bola Club Gabsis Discussion study aims to see the ability of the maximum oxygen volume of football sports which are conducting training camps in preparation for the provincial sports week.The results in this study describe the VO2max condition of Club Gabsis soccer players.Where football athletes who take this test are athletes who are selected from the best regions.The results of the study show that the VO2max value in the Gabsis men's soccer athletes has a sufficient average of 48% with a value range of 45.1-48.8.The results can be seen from the percentage of VO2max levels in athletes.A study revealed that the VO2max value that a male soccer player must have is 50-75 ml/kg/min(Modric, Versic, & Sekulic, 2020).However, when viewed from the competitive level, the VO2max value in men's football ranges from 48-62 ml/kg/min(Slimani, Znazen, Miarka, & Bragazzi, 2019).Based on the results of relevant research reviews, the average VO2max ability of the Gabsis football players is still relatively low.This can be seen from the results achieved with the most being in the moderate category.The VO2max value for each player is different, such as position and physiology.The results of a scientific literature review regarding VO2max values vary between 48.4 -57.5 ml/kg/min for goalkeepers, 53.2 -62.8 ml/kg/min for defenders, 54.7 -63 ml/kg/ min for midfielder and 54 -62.9 for attacker(Slimani et al., 2019).The difference in the VO2max value

Table 1 .
VO2max Assessment Norms through the Yo-Yo Test for Men

Table 2 .
Data on the results of the physical condition test for VO2max ability through the level 1 yo-