Las preferencias ciudadanas hacia la regulación de la Inteligencia Artificial en España: un estudio sobre confianza multinivel, la orientación ideológica y las actitudes democráticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2026.308Palabras clave:
preferencias regulatorias, Inteligencia Artificial, política tecnológica, gobernanza multinivel, EspañaResumen
La rápida expansión de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) ha intensificado tanto las expectativas de innovación como las preocupaciones en torno a nuevos riesgos sociales, económicos y éticos, reactivando el debate sobre el papel del Estado en la gobernanza tecnológica. En el contexto europeo, la Unión Europea (UE) ha emergido como un actor central en la regulación de la IA mediante un enfoque basado en el riesgo, cristalizado en el AI Act, que combina racionalidad técnica, protección de derechos fundamentales y gobernanza multinivel. Este estudio analiza los determinantes de las preferencias ciudadanas hacia la regulación de la IA en España para identificar tanto las tendencias generales de apoyo como los factores que diferencian la oposición, la neutralidad y el respaldo firme a la intervención pública. Los resultados muestran que la demanda regulatoria está fuertemente anclada en la gobernanza multinivel, reflejando una lógica de legitimidad basada en resultados. En el plano ideológico, el eje Mercado–Estado emerge como el principal predictor, mientras que el autoritarismo se asocia negativamente con el apoyo a la regulación. Así, las conclusiones apuntan a que regulación de la IA en España se legitima supranacionalmente, tecnocráticamente y como protección social, no instrumento de control autoritario.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Nicolás Miranda Olivares, Carolina Plaza-Colodro, Rodrigo Rodrigues-Silveira, Rubén Cuéllar-Rivero
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