Más allá de la dicotomía estructura–agencia: el modelo COM-B como marco integrador para el estudio del comportamiento social
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2026.298Palabras clave:
modelo COM-B, cambio de comportamiento, ciencias sociales, conducta social, estructura y agencia, revisión exploratoriaResumen
La tensión histórica entre las perspectivas estructuralistas y aquellas centradas en la agencia individual ha dificultado tradicionalmente la comprensión integral de la conducta humana en las ciencias sociales. Este estudio examina el modelo COM-B (Capacidad, Oportunidad, Motivación) como una síntesis teórica capaz de superar esta dicotomía al integrar factores psicológicos y contextuales en la explicación de la conducta social humana. A través de una revisión exploratoria (scoping review) de la literatura en Web of Science, PsycINFO y Elicit, se analizó el desarrollo y aplicación del modelo, revelando un predominio de investigaciones cualitativas centradas en la salud y una notable laguna metodológica en la medición estandarizada de sus componentes. A pesar de su penetración limitada en la sociología general frente a las ciencias de la salud, los resultados confirman el potencial del COM-B como un modelo robusto para el diseño de políticas públicas y enfoques de intervención multicomponente. Se concluye que el modelo ofrece una contribución significativa para las ciencias sociales y del comportamiento, proporcionando un marco necesario para trascender las explicaciones monocausales y expandir el análisis hacia dominios conductuales inexplorados como el político o el económico.
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