The objective of the article is to analyze transparency in the provision of nursing home services towards beneficiaries. To do this, we identify three policy dimensions and their specific elements, what allow us to assess transparency in the implementation of these services. The article develops and empirically tests an analytical framework to assess the transparency of elderly care services in Spain. On the one hand, we examine the extent to which nursing home service providers (both public and private) are obliged to supply information about their performance. We analyze the formal obligations for both public and private facilities in the seventeen autonomous communities (ACs). On the other hand, we examine the content of the messages posted on Twitter by the three biggest business associations of the sector in Spain, namely, Business Federation of Assistance for Dependents (Federación Empresarial de la Dependencia), Association of Dependency Services Companies (Asociación de Empresas de Servicios para la Dependencia), and Business Circle of Caring for People (Círculo Empresarial de Atención a las Personas), in order to determine whether transparency is a concern for the industry regardless of the regulatory requirements faced by direct service providers.
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la transparencia en los servicios de residencias de personas mayores hacia sus beneficiarios. Para ello identificamos tres dimensiones de la política y sus elementos específicos que nos permiten evaluar la transparencia en la implementación de estos servicios. El artículo desarrolla y somete a verificación empírica el marco analítico para evaluar la transparencia de los servicios de atención a personas mayores en España. Por un lado, examinamos en qué grado las residencias (tanto públicas como privadas) están obligadas a proporcionar información sobre su desempeño. Para ello este artículo analiza las obligaciones formales a las que están sujetas las residencias tanto públicas como privadas en las diecisiete comunidades autónomas (CC. AA.). Por otro lado, analizamos el contenido de los mensajes publicados a través de Twitter por las tres asociaciones de empresas más grandes del sector en España: la Federación Empresarial de la Dependencia, la Asociación de Empresas de Servicios para la Dependencia y el Círculo Empresarial de Atención a las Personas. El objetivo de este análisis es determinar si la transparencia es una prioridad para estas organizaciones en la prestación de los servicios, independientemente de las obligaciones legales a las que están sujetos los proveedores directos de estos servicios.
According to official data from the Spanish Institute for the Elderly and Social Services (IMSERSO), as of January 2021, 47.5 % of the fatal COVID-19 cases reported in Spain occurred amongst nursing home residents (a total of 31,460 people). The COVID-19 crisis reflected and expanded the ineffective management of this service and brought devastating consequences for its beneficiaries. Against this backdrop, the design and implementation of nursing home policy must be substantially reformed. A core aspect of these reforms should deal with transparency and responsiveness of the services towards beneficiaries. In the assessment of these services, it is necessary to examine the performance of both private and public providers, as elder care policies in Spain have a high degree of marketization: 73 % of a total of 372,985 nursing homes beds are operated by the private sector. The research questions that guide our study are the following: What are the elements of service delivery that policy providers are obliged to provide? And, what issues are
Other studies have analyzed the shortcomings of private-sector participation in public services provision in terms of their transparency and accountability. This study analyzes transparency in the provision of information towards the beneficiaries of the services. Following Grimmelikhuijsen and Welch (
The objective of the study is to analyze, on the one hand, the extent to which nursing home service providers (public and private) are obliged to supply information about their performance. For this, the article analyzes the formal obligations of transparency for both public and private facilities across the seventeen autonomous communities (ACs). On the other hand, and given that a large percentage of services are provided by private providers (73 %), we analyze the contents of the messages issued by the three biggest business organizations/associations that operate in Spain: the Business Federation of Dependence Assistance (Federación Empresarial de la Dependencia, FED), the Association of Companies for Dependency Services (Asociación de Empresas de Servicios para la Dependencia, AESTE) and, the Business Circle of Caring for People (Círculo Empresarial de Atención a las Personas, CEAPs). Although these organizations do not directly implement nursing home services, their analysis is crucial as they represent a high percentage of private firms responsible for implementing these services across ACs.
The analysis focuses on the messages issued by these organizations on social media, and more specifically on Twitter. The analysis of social networks during the pandemic is particularly important since these tools have permitted continued interaction between relevant actors (for example, politicians with citizens, public servants with citizens and, service providers and users) despite restrictions imposed during the state of alarm (
The empirical analysis is based on two approaches. First, we conduct a systematic document analysis of the normative frameworks that regulate service provision in the seventeen ACs. At a second stage, we use topic modeling, an unsupervised machine learning technique, to analyze the topics these three business associations in Spain have been concerned about. By doing so, we investigate the extent to which the topics retrieved by a structural topic model on the corpus of messages were affected by the COVID-19 crisis. In addition, we perform a dictionary analysis to assess the prevalence of keywords related to transparency issues over time. These analyses allow us to examine the way in which these associations have responded to the outbreak by providing crucial information on the performance of services and to identify relevant patterns. To do this, we collected 3,042 tweets posted by the three largest elderly residence business groups in Spain. We identify whether the topics followed a different trend before and during the COVID-19 outbreak as well as the prevalence of keywords over a period of 12 months before and after the state of alarm in the country.
The systematic analysis of formal rules shows that the relatives of nursing home residents get information on the services through three main tools: contracts, bulletin boards and “visible information”. Our study also shows that ACs do not share a standardized pattern to provide information and that, in general, the obligations to provide information do not cover indicators that are crucial to examine the quality of the services. For example, and although ACs include more formal stipulations for the provision of information about the processes of the services, their fulfillment varies widely across ACs. More importantly, the analysis shows scarce mechanisms to provide information on the structures and the outcomes of the services. This implies that regional legislations do not mandate, for example, the provision of information to the residents’ relatives regarding the results of inspection, supervision, and control assessment over the facilities. From the dictionary analysis we also find that the process dimension of transparency is the most widely discussed by business associations of the sector, and that the topics focused on the structures and policy outcomes are not extensively included in their communication messages. Nevertheless, from the topic modeling analysis our analysis provides evidence that transparency is a concern in their social-media communication strategies both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is worth noting that transparency
is present in a topic which also includes references to greater professionalization. Further research on a larger corpus that includes direct providers is necessary to determine whether transparency in the sector is implemented as an
Studies on transparency have mainly focused on investigating it at governmental level. However, in this study we analyze the provision of information from the three main business associations in the sector in Spain. This study has important normative implications. Prior to the pandemic, some comparative studies highlighted important shortcomings in the performance of these services, even in more generous welfare states (e.g.,
This article is structured as follows. Sections 2 and 3 present the theoretical discussion about the conceptualization of transparency and its connection with different types of service providers. After that, sections 4 and 5 present the Spanish case and the methodology used. In section 6 a comparative analysis is performed throughout the seventeen Autonomous Communities examining the extent to which the regional formal obligations include mechanisms for regulating the provision of information towards beneficiaries. Finally, in section 7 we present a brief analysis, through topic modeling, of the salient topics that have dominated the messages of the three most important business associations that represent private providers in Spain as well as the salience of transparency-related keywords over time.
Governmental transparency is generally assumed as a “key of better governance” (
In line with Grimmelikhuijsen
A core question deals with clarifying the identity of the information provider when it comes to welfare services. Derived from the diffusion of New Public Management (NPM) reforms, the implementation of social services through private providers has been widespread. At the same time, the implementation of governance reforms has led to new modes of participation of societal actors in the provision of services, such as public-private partnerships. Although these new modes vary, one of their main objectives is to transfer “the risk and responsibility” of service delivery from public organizations to private providers (
Against this backdrop, these reforms have also led to research on the effect of contracted services, and on the quality, transparency, and accountability of the services. Some scholars have examined whether these new modes of governance have shortcomings when dealing with transparency issues and, specifically, when it comes to balancing efficiency and the democratic requirements of openness (ibid.). In a similar sense, Skelcher and Smith (
It is therefore necessary to emphasize that in welfare services where private organizations “become responsible for public service delivery, transparency is important for the public and external stakeholders to assess an organization’s internal workings and performance” (
By adapting Heald’s work (
To further specify the elements of transparency that fall under each policy dimension, we draw on the literature on quality of home care services. In their study on quality indicators in nursing home care processes, Saliba and Schnelle show that residents and their relatives emphasize the importance of having information on aspects related to the quality of services (2002: 1421). These include the choice and control over daily activities, assistance with activities of daily living, ongoing information about their health status, participation in care planning and, consistent access to their physician when needed. To identify these specific elements, we draw on the classic approach by Donabedian (
The first topic refers to the
The second broad topic is the quality of the
Finally, the third broad theme is the quality of the
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Elements | Physical facilities |
Services provided |
Efficiency |
This study empirically tests the analytical framework in the case of the transparency of nursing home services in Spain. Long-term care policies in Spain rely on regional governments, which “are responsible for regulating, financing and providing these services, as well as for guaranteeing care quality” (
In general, regional authorities manage the provision of these services in different ways, through either direct provision arrangements or contracts with privately-run entities. Regional legislations state that service providers include public providers, private for-profit organizations, and nonprofit entities/foundations/associations. Although different arrangements are allowed, this is a policy with a high participation of the private sector. As it can be seen in
The COVID-19 crisis was a core aspect that affected service performance, thus reflecting its limitations. As in many European countries, the COVID-19 crisis arrived in a context when elderly care policies had a marginal role. As some studies have shown, the people living in nursing homes were the most affected by the pandemic (
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Andalusia | 8464411 | 1470813 | 17 | 698359 | 8 | 42585 | 2206 |
Aragon | 1329391 | 288662 | 22 | 152074 | 11 | 18424 | 833 |
Asturias | 1018784 | 266567 | 26 | 133545 | 13 | 12313 | 709 |
Balearic Islands | 1171543 | 183224 | 16 | 83772 | 7 | 5110 | 262 |
Basque Country | 2220504 | 499432 | 22 | 250683 | 11 | 20534 | 1113 |
Canarias | 2175952 | 351122 | 16 | 157237 | 7 | 7327 | 75 |
Cantabria | 582905 | 129425 | 22 | 63422 | 11 | 6024 | 289 |
Castile la Mancha | 2045221 | 390226 | 19 | 208503 | 10 | 26649 | 1627 |
Castile Leon | 2394918 | 613704 | 26 | 336339 | 14 | 46457 | 2955 |
Catalonia | 7780479 | 1468361 | 19 | 725347 | 9 | 62015 | 3410 |
Ceuta | 84202 | 10144 | 12 | 4508 | 5 | 218 | 3 |
Extremadura | 1063987 | 223246 | 21 | 118189 | 11 | 13751 | 789 |
Galicia | 2701819 | 687824 | 25 | 364772 | 14 | 21179 | 789 |
Madrid | 6779888 | 1208738 | 18 | 595652 | 9 | 48768 | 1496 |
Melilla | 87076 | 9206 | 11 | 4042 | 5 | 271 | 2 |
Murcia | 1511251 | 237967 | 16 | 114296 | 8 | 5192 | 328 |
Navarra | 661197 | 130647 | 20 | 65533 | 10 | 6149 | 414 |
Rioja | 319914 | 67321 | 21 | 34867 | 11 | 3209 | 276 |
Valencia | 5057353 | 981752 | 19 | 470753 | 9 | 26810 | 2028 |
Given the impact of the COVID-19 crisis, we have also examined whether and how transparency on the content and the outcomes of nursing services have varied in the context of a global health crisis. In general, it might be expected that transparent actions were promoted in times of crisis with the aim of mitigating the surge of COVID-19. In the next sections, we examine the extent to which there were formal rules regulating the transparency of services before the pandemic, and how have been the communication practices by pertinent business associations before and during the outbreak.
Our empirical analysis is developed in two stages. First, we examine the extent to which legal provisions of nursing homes services across ACs include mechanisms to provide information on the policy phases and the topics highlighted in the analytical framework. Second, we investigate the topics over which business associations are
Before analyzing the actual information facilitated by the main business associations in Spain, we examined the formal obligations that both public and private providers should fulfill when informing the beneficiaries of services about their performance. To do this, we revised regional legislations on care services (See the list of the legislative texts examined in Annex 1).
In particular, we examined whether regional legislations stipulate the provision of information for beneficiaries about the structure, processes and outcomes of services; for instance, information about the organizational chart, services provided, calendar of activities, submission of complaints and suggestions, participation channels, among others. This is important because formal rules, understood as written rules and procedures (Pugh
Secondly, we perform a quantitative text analysis on a corpus of tweets issued by the main business associations of the sector in Spain. This analysis consists of two elements: the first is a topic model that seeks to uncover latent themes inside the corpus through unsupervised machine learning. The second is a theory-driven dictionary analysis (see
We examine the way in which these associations provide crucial information on the performance of the services. Although these organizations do not directly provide nursing home services, the analysis of their messages on Twitter is crucial as they represent a high percentage of private firms that are responsible for implementing these services across ACs. The organizations under examination are the three biggest business organizations/associations that operate in Spain: Business Federation of Dependent Assistance (Federación Empresarial de la Dependencia, FED), created in 2006; the Association of Companies for Dependency Services (Asociación de Empresas de Servicios para la Dependencia, AESTE), founded in 2002; and the Business Community for the Assistance of People (Círculo Empresarial de Atención a Personas, CEAPs), created in 2016. These associations encompass operators of nursing home facilities, day and night centers, tele-assistance services, among others. The corpus consists of 3,042 tweets issued by three institutional actors: a) cea_ps, b) AESTE_oficial, and c) FEDdependencia dating back to the 14th of November 2013. Since the COVID-19 crisis has had devastating effects, we covered a period before and during the outbreak. We select tweets issued 12 months before and after the state of alarm was declared in March 2020, which results in a corpus of 1,495 document-level observations. These tweets were collected using the R statistical programming language, which was also used for both the topic model and the dictionary analysis.
We have opted to analyze the Twitter accounts issued by sectoral business associations in order to determine whether transparency is a concern for the industry regardless of the regulatory requirements faced by direct service providers. Furthermore, and in order to avoid the third-party content that is often displayed on website portals, we have opted to analyze direct social media posts authored by the organizations themselves.
In this section we analyse all the relevant legislation on social services and on the regulation of home care facilities across the ACs. In particular, we pay attention to the mechanisms for information provision to the beneficiaries and their relatives.
It is worth noting that all ACs follow the Spanish Act 39/2006 on the Promotion of Personal Autonomy and Care for Dependent Persons (Dependency Act), which creates a system of social protection (Sistema de Autonomía y Atención a la Dependencia, or System of Autonomy and Dependency Care) (
The revision of regional laws across all 17 ACs shows that the relevant information the services is provided through three main tools: contracts, bulletin boards, and information that according to regional legislations “must be visible and available” without stipulating the place and format. The legal stipulations at the regional level only create these three mechanisms, used by ACs in varying degrees. It is worth noting that each facility can adopt other tools for providing information to the residents’ relatives, such as the informative brochures in Valencia.
In addition, it is found that regional legislations set out mechanisms for providing information on policy content (process and structure) and outcome. Information on the policy process includes aspects like internal operational rules, beneficiaries’ rights and obligations, legal representatives and professionals, services provided, participation channels for relatives, visiting arrangements, scheduled activities. We also identify indicators related to the facility structures, such as the number of places, the number of staff and the organizational structures. Finally, we identify whether regional laws include indicators for providing information on the policy outcomes, such as information for submitting complaints and suggestions, results of procedures of control and evaluation of the services.
The results of our analysis show that only some ACs regulate the provision of information to beneficiaries through the contracts signed between facilities and users —or their relatives or legal representatives. Some examples are the Balearic Islands, the Basque Country, Valencia, and Aragon (see
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Information on the structure | Identification data of the facility (number of register and authorization) | V | V | V | B | V | V | C; V | V | — | — | B; V | — | V | V | B | — | B |
Organizational structure/chart | B | — | V | B | — | C; B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | B | — | B | |
Capacity/number of places | — | — | — | — | C | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | V | — | — | — | — | |
Information on the process | Internal regulation | C | — | V | C; B | C | C; B | — | C; V | C; B | — | — | — | C; V | — | B1 | C | C |
Services provided | — | — | V | C | C; V | C; B | V | C; V | C | V | — | — | C; V | — | B | C | C;B | |
Scheduled activities (general/annual) | B | — | — | B | — | B | — | V | — | — | — | — | — | — | B | — | B | |
Calendar with scheduled activities (monthly/weekly) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | V | — | — | — | — | — | — | B | — | — | |
Procedures for submitting complaint and suggestions | — | — | V | B | C | C; V | — | V | — | — | — | — | C; V | — | B | C | B | |
Diet and menu programming | B | — | B4 | B | — | B | B; V | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | B | — | B | |
Participation channels for users (“juntas de participación”) | — | — | B; V | C3 | — | B | — | V | B | — | — | — | V | — | — | — | — | |
Mailbox of complaints and suggestions | — | — | V | — | V | V | — | V | — | V | — | — | V | — | — | — | V | |
Channels/bodies for the participation of users —or their legal representatives or relatives | — | — | — | — | C | C | — | C | C | — | — | — | C | — | — | C | — | |
Minutes of board meetings (“actas reunión de consejo”) | B | — | — | — | — | B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
Visiting arrangements and external communication | C | — | V | C; B | C | — | — | — | C; B | — | — | — | C; V | — | B | C | — | |
Charter of rights and obligations of users | — | — | V | C; B | C | C | — | C; V | C; B | — | — | — | C; V | — | — | C | C | |
Charter of rights and obligations of professionals | — | — | — | — | C | C | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
Information on the process | Rights and duties of users’ legal representatives, and their relatives | — | — | V | — | C | C | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Rights of users in terms of the services offered | — | — | V | C | C | C | — | C | C | V | — | — | C; V | V | — | C | C | |
Information on the outcomes | Price list of the provided services | C; B | B | — | C; B | C; V | B; V | C; B | C; V | C | — | — | — | C; V | — | B2 | C;B | C;B |
Instructions and plan in case of emergencies | — | — | — | B | V | B | — | — | — | V | — | — | — | — | B | — | B | |
Health approval of collective dining rooms | — | — | — | — | — | — | V | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | B | — | — | |
Certification of quality accreditation | — | — | V | — | — | B; V | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | B |
Notes:
Other regions, such as Murcia, state that information should be public in a “bulletin board” which can provide data on: the registration data of the center; general services provided; price list of the services; organizational structure/chart of the center; availability of complaint forms and information on the procedure of claiming directly before the competent department; calendar with scheduled activities; instructions to follow in case of emergencies; office hours; diet and menu programming; and health approval of collective dining rooms; among others. In Extremadura, although the regulation stipulates the obligation to have a visible bulletin board in every center, the content to be shown is neither stipulated nor detailed (see
In addition, although some regions do not clearly specify the existence of a “bulletin board”, some of them, such as Cantabria, state that facilities should show certain information to users and relatives in a “visible place”, such as that related to: registration data of the center, services provided, participation channels for users in the improvement of the services, and information for submitting and collecting suggestions and complaints (see
Our systematic analysis of regional laws demonstrates that ACs do not share a standardized pattern to provide information and that, in general, the obligations to provide information to the beneficiaries of the services are very limited. For example, although ACs have developed specific legislations to regulate the physical conditions of the facilities, we have identified only three specific items that can be provided to the residents’ relatives: identification data of the facility, information on the organizational structure and number of places. While the majority of ACs stipulate the provision of information on the identification of the facility (13 ACs out of 17), only six ACs provide information on the organizational structure of the facility, and only one (the Basque Country) obliges to inform about the number of places.
Finally, and although ACs include more formal stipulations for the provision of information related to the processes of the services, their fulfillment across ACs have a wide variation. Our analysis also shows that there are scarce mechanisms to provide information on the outcomes of the services. For example, regional legislations do not stipulate the provision of information to the residents’ relatives regarding the results of inspection, supervision, and control assessment over the facilities. When it comes to information on the quality of the services, only three ACs include formal provisions to inform about quality accreditations of the facility.
In this section, we examine the latent topics uncovered by a structural topic model (STM) from the corpus of tweets issued by business associations before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. Subsequently, we examine the results of the dictionary analysis of transparency-related keywords in three dimensions: a) facilities, b) outcomes, and c) processes.
The objective of the topic modeling analysis is to determine whether the model is able to uncover transparency-related (or otherwise theoretically relevant) latent themes inside the tweet corpus with limited input from the researchers. Topic models rely on an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that calculates the probabilistic distribution of topics for all documents in a corpus, as well as the terms (words or n-grams) that are likely to be generated by a given topic based on a number of topics
The outputs of the model include topic content and topic prevalence. For the former, we examine the most probable terms (highest beta values) for each of the topics uncovered to look for meaningful terms and associations. For the latter, we look at the proportion that a given topic (gamma) has across documents, actors and time. Topic modeling has been used extensively to trace the salience of latent themes in text over time (see for instance,
The parameter
Given the unsupervised nature of this approach, the interpretation of topics requires some degree of discretion by researchers as well as several robustness tests to limit the risk of biased interpretations or “reading tea leaves” (
Note: Individual names (first and last) are re-coded as anonymous to protect their privacy. All other terms are translated from the original Spanish. The original word order (i.e., rights-human) was kept.
In addition to topic-content patterns, we also find that there is a time effect on topic-prevalence (gamma) for pre and post COVID-19 restrictions. As shown in
The second part of our quantitative textual analysis consists of a theory-driven dictionary analysis. As already mentioned, we identify three relevant topics regarding the transparency of service provision (facilities, processes, outcomes) and associate unique keywords to each (see
In general, the dictionary analysis found that the
In this study we examined transparency in nursing home services across Spanish autonomous communities. Since transparency is a relational concept that can cover different types of actors, in their role as information providers or recipients, our research focused on transparency relationships between service providers and beneficiaries. In particular, we examined transparency in two core types of policy-relevant activities: policy-content transparency and the transparency of policy outcomes. In addition, we paid particular attention to the provision of information on three general topics that are crucial for measuring the quality of nursing home services: their structure, processes and results. For each dimension and topic, we identified the specific elements of the transparency of the services.
To do this, we analyzed the formal obligations created by the regional laws of 17 Spanish ACs on the conditions of nursing home facilities. In general, we identified that relevant information about nursing homes is provided through three ways, contracts, bulletin boards, and the publication of public information. From our systematic analysis, we identified that the ACs do not have a standardized pattern to provide information, and that the obligations to provide information to the beneficiaries of the services do not cover all the core topics suggested by the specialized literature on the quality of these services (
Since 73 % of the services are provided by private providers (profit or non-for-profit), in the second part of our empirical research, we examined the Twitter messages issued by the three biggest business organizations/associations that operate in Spain (FED, AESTE, and CEAPs). Despite not being directly subject to the same reporting requirements as direct service providers, we found evidence that transparency is a concern in the social media communication strategies of these associations. The topic model found that transparency concerns are closely related to professionalization and reliability. This suggests that actors in the sector might use transparency as a way of reacting to external demands, rather than as a core dimension of an active disclosure activity (
The topic model and dictionary analysis indicate that, respectively, general and theory-driven transparency concepts of transparency can be found throughout the corpus. Of the three dimensions of transparency identified in the paper (processes, outcomes, and facilities), the three associations pay greater attention to processes. This finding is also in line with the analysis of the formal legislations of ACs, according to which this dimension of policy transparency is more likely to be regulated across regions. Similarly, the transparency-related latent theme uncovered by the topic model suggests that the concept is closely related to professionalization.
The COVID-19 crisis has demonstrated that the governance model and the transparency of these services have failed. Against this backdrop, recent studies (e.g.
This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain [grant number PID2019-106964RA-I00]. We would also like to thank Laura Chaqués-Bonafont, Ivan Medina and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. We are grateful to Julia García Puig for her assistance in codifying regional legislations.
Decreto 168/2007, de 12 de junio, por el que se regula el procedimiento para el reconocimiento de la situación de dependencia y del derecho a las prestaciones del Sistema para la Autonomía y Atención a la Dependencia.
Decreto 87/1996, de 20 de febrero, modificado por el Decreto 102/2000, de 15 de marzo, por el que se regula la autorización, registro y acreditación de los Servicios y Centros de Servicios Sociales de Andalucía.
Decreto 183/2003, de 24 de junio, por el que se regula la información y atención al ciudadano y la tramitación de procedimientos administrativos por medios electrónicos (Internet).
Decreto Ley 1/2016, de 17 de mayo, sobre acción concertada para la prestación a las personas de servicios de carácter sanitario y social.
Ley 5/2009, de 30 de junio, de Servicios Sociales de Aragón.
Decreto 111/1992, de 26 de mayo, por el que se regulan las condiciones mínimas que han de reunir los servicios y establecimientos sociales especializados.
Resolución de 22 de junio de 2009, de la Consejería de Bienestar social y Vivienda, por la que se desarrollan los criterios y condiciones para la acreditación de centros de atención de servicios sociales en el ámbito territorial del Principado de Asturias.
Decreto 79/2002, de 13 de junio, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de autorización, registro, acreditación e inspección de centros de atención de servicios sociales.
Decreto 31/2016, de 27 de mayo, de modificación del Decreto 86/2010, de 25 de junio, por el que se establecen los principios generales y las directrices de coordinación para la autorización y la acreditación de los servicios sociales de atención a personas mayores y personas con discapacidades, y se regulan los requisitos de autorización y acreditación de lo servicios residenciales de carácter suprainsular para estos sectores de población.
Decreto 86/2010, de 25 de junio, por el que se establecen los principios generales y las directrices de coordinación para la autorización y la acreditación de los servicios sociales de atención a personas mayores y personas con discapacidades, y se regulan los requisitos de autorización y acreditación de los servicios residenciales de carácter suprainsular para estos sectores de población.
Ley 4/2009, de 11 de junio, de servicios sociales de las Illes Balears.
Decreto 126/2019, de 30 de julio, de centros residenciales para personas mayores en el ámbito de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco.
Decreto 64/2004, de 6 de abril, por el que se aprueba la carta de derechos y obligaciones de las personas usuarias y profesionales de los servicios sociales en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco y el régimen de sugerencias y quejas.
Decreto 125/2005, de 31 de mayo, de modificación del Decreto sobre los Servicios Sociales residenciales para la tercera edad, y por Decreto 195/2006, de 10 de octubre, de segunda modificación del Decreto sobre los Servicios Sociales residenciales para la tercera edad.
Ley 12/2008, de 5 de diciembre, de Servicios Sociales del País Vasco.
El Decreto 185/2015, de 6 de octubre, de cartera de prestaciones y servicios del Sistema Vasco de Servicios Sociales, en la ficha del anexo I relativa a los «Centros residenciales para personas mayores» (2.4.1) define el servicio y sus objetivos, las prestaciones que incluye, la delimitación de la población destinataria y la especificación de los restantes requisitos de acceso, estableciendo que está sujeto a copago.
Decreto 154/2015, de 18 de junio, por el que se modifica el Reglamento regulador de los centros y servicios que actúen en el ámbito de la promoción de la autonomía personal y la atención a personas en situación de dependencia en Canarias, aprobado por el Decreto 67/2012, de 20 de julio.
Decreto 67/2012, de 20 de julio, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento regulador de los centros y servicios que actúen en el ámbito de la promoción de la autonomía personal y la atención a personas en situación de dependencia en Canarias.
Orden de 3 de junio de 2004, por la que se aprueba el Reglamento de régimen interno de los centros de día de atención social a personas mayores cuya titularidad ostente la Administración pública de la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias.
Decreto 63/2000, de 25 de abril, por el que se regula la ordenación, autorización, registro, inspección y régimen de infracciones y sanciones de centros para personas mayores y sus normas de régimen interno.
Orden UMA/12/2019, de 14 de marzo, por la que se establecen los criterios y se regula el procedimiento para la acreditación de centros de servicios sociales destinados a la atención a personas en situación de dependencia.
Ley de Cantabria 2/2007 de Derechos y Servicios Sociales (actualizada a 1-1-2019).
Decreto 40/08, de 17 de abril, por el que se regulan la autorización, la acreditación, el registro y la inspección de entidades, servicios y centros de servicios sociales de la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria.
Orden de 04/06/2013, de la Consejería de Sanidad y Asuntos Sociales, por la que se modifica la Orden de 21/05/2001, de la Consejería de Bienestar Social, por la que se regulan las condiciones mínimas de los centros destinados a las personas mayores en Castilla-La Mancha (2013/7109).
Ley 14/2010, de 16 de diciembre, de servicios sociales de Castilla-La Mancha.
Ley 16/2010, de 20 de diciembre, de Servicios Sociales de Castilla y León.
Ley 5/2003, de 3 de abril, de Atención y Protección a las Personas Mayores de Castilla y León.
Decreto 14/2001, de 18 de enero regulador de las condiciones de las condiciones y requisitos para la autorización y el funcionamiento de los centros de carácter social para las personas mayores.
Decreto 205/2015, de 15 de septiembre, del régimen de autorización administrativa y de comunicación previa de los servicios sociales y del Registro de Entidades, Servicios y Establecimientos Sociales.
Ley 12/2007, de 11 de octubre, de Servicios Sociales. Comunidad Autónoma de Cataluña.
Decreto 298/2015, de 20 de noviembre, por el que se aprueba el reglamento de autorización, acreditación y registro de centros de atención a personas mayores de la comunidad autónoma de Extremadura.
Decreto 83/2000, de 4 de abril, por el que se regula el estatuto de los centros de mayores de la Consejería de Bienestar Social de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura.
Orden de 12 de enero de 2021 por la que se regula la presentación y la comunicación de las reclamaciones en materia de servicios sociales (códigos de procedimiento BS105A y BS105B).
Ley 13/2008, de 3 de diciembre, de servicios sociales de Galicia.
Orden de 13 de abril de 2007 por la que se modifica la de 18 de abril de 1996 por la que se desarrolla el Decreto 243/1995, de 28 de julio, en lo relativo a la regulación de las condiciones y requisitos específicos que deben cumplir los centros de atención a personas mayores.
Ley 1/2002, de 1 de marzo, de Servicios Sociales.
Decreto 27/1998, de 6 de marzo, por el que se regulan las categorías y requisitos específicos de los centros residenciales de personas mayores en La Rioja.
Ley 11/2002, de 18 de diciembre, de Ordenación de la Actividad de los Centros y Servicios de Acción Social y de Mejora de la Calidad en la Prestación de los Servicios Sociales de la Comunidad de Madrid.
Decreto 72/2001, de 31 de mayo, por el que se regula el Régimen Jurídico Básico del Servicio Público de Atención a Personas Mayores en Residencias, Centros de Atención de Día y Pisos Tutelados.
Orden 766/1993, de 10 de junio, de la Consejería de Integración Social, por la que se aprueba el Reglamento de Organización y Funcionamiento de las Residencias de Ancianos que gestiona directamente el Servicio Regional de Bienestar Social.
Ley 3/2003 del 10 de abril, del Sistema de Servicios Sociales de la Región de Murcia.
Decreto 54/ 2001, de 15 de junio, de autorizaciones, organización y funcionamiento del registro de entidades, centros y servicios sociales de la Región de Murcia y de la Inspección.
Decreto 69/2005, de 3 de junio, por el que se establecen las condiciones mínimas que han de reunir los centros residenciales para personas mayores de titularidad pública o privada.
Ley Foral 15/2006, de 14 de diciembre, de Servicios Sociales. Boletín Oficial de Navarra, 152, 20-12-2006.
Decreto Foral 92/2020, de 2 de diciembre, por el que se regula el funcionamiento de los servicios residenciales, de día y ambulatorios de las áreas de mayores, discapacidad, enfermedad mental e inclusión social, del sistema de servicios sociales de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra, y el régimen de autorizaciones, comunicaciones previas y homologaciones.
Orden del 4 de febrero de 2005, de la Conselleria de Bienestar Social, por la que se regula el régimen de autorización y funcionamiento de los centros de servicios sociales especializados para la atención de personas mayores (2005/1376). Modificada por la Orden 8/2012, de 20 de febrero, de la Conselleria de Justicia y Bienestar Social, por la que se modifica la Orden de 4 de febrero de 2005, de la Conselleria de Bienestar Social, por la que se regula el régimen de autorización y funcionamiento de centros de servicios sociales especializados para la atención de personas mayores.
Decreto 91/2002, de 30 de mayo, del Gobierno Valenciano, sobre registro de los titulares de actividades de acción social, y de registro y autorización de funcionamiento de los servicios y centros de acción social, en la Comunidad Valenciana (2002/X5931).
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staff | staff | servicios | services | resultados | results |
ratios | ratios | prestaciones | benefits | innovación | innovation |
infraestructuras | infrastructure | contrato | contract | eficiencia | efficiency |
cualificaciones | qualifications | cuidado | care | equidad | equity |
instalaciones | installations | horarios | schedules | igualdad | equality |
recursos humanos | human resources | comida | food | mortalidad | mortality |
personal | personnel | menús | menus | úlceras | ulcers |
organigrama | organization chart | privacidad | privacy | calidad | quality |
titularidad | ownership | actividades | activities | satisfacción | satisfaction |
ejercicio | exercise | usuarios | users | ||
actividades sociales | social activities | ||||
participación | participation | ||||
dirección | direction |
Assistant professor (Serra-Húnter Fellow) at the Department of Political Science and Public Law, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Her research interests include regulation, governance, accountability, EU agencies, and national regulatory agencies. Her work has been published in the
Teaching fellow at the Barcelona Institute of International Studies (IBEI). His research interests include computational social sciences, quantitative text analysis and international political economy. His work has been published in volumes by Springer, Emerald, and Hart among others.