La irrupción de la inteligencia artificial en la decisión pública
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.71.01Palabras clave:
inteligencia artificial, ciencia para políticas, decisión pública, legitimidad democrática, gobernanza algorítmicaResumen
Este artículo analiza las tensiones que genera la irrupción de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la decisión pública, con el objetivo de contribuir al debate sobre su gobernanza en instituciones democráticas. Se desarrolla un ensayo crítico basado en una revisión selectiva de la literatura sobre gobernanza algorítmica, relación entre conocimiento científico y decisión política y sus vínculos con la legitimidad administrativa. A partir de esta revisión, se propone un marco analítico para interpretar los efectos institucionales de la IA. El análisis identifica dos frentes de tensión que se acumulan y refuerzan entre sí. En primer lugar, la IA no resuelve la relación entre evidencia y decisión política, sino que la desplaza, introduciendo nuevas formas de opacidad, sesgo y concentración del conocimiento. En segundo lugar, cuando los sistemas algorítmicos operan como decisores de facto, los mecanismos clásicos de legitimidad administrativa propios de la democracia resultan insuficientes, al haber sido diseñados para supervisar razonamientos humanos. Se desplaza la discrecionalidad hacia el diseño de los sistemas y se constata la incapacidad correctora del humano en el bucle, que depende de condiciones organizativas y jurídicas que no se dan hoy día. El artículo concluye que la irrupción de la IA plantea problemas que no pueden abordarse únicamente mediante ajustes técnicos o garantías formales. Su gobernanza requiere intervenir en las decisiones de diseño, especificar las condiciones institucionales de la supervisión humana, e incorporar un dialogo con la gobernanza del conocimiento que estos sistemas producen, ya que ambas dimensiones se encuentran crecientemente interrelacionadas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Marta Cruells, Joan Subirats, Jaume Blasco
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