Aliados y rivales en la política exterior del populismo italiano: Movimento Cinque Stelle y Fratelli d’Italia (2012-2024)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.70.07Palabras clave:
populismo, política exterior, Italia, política exterior populista, Fratelli d'Italia, Movimento Cinque StelleResumen
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo explorar y comparar los discursos y las actuaciones de política exterior de dos movimientos políticos populistas, el Movimento Cinque Stelle (M5S) y Fratelli d’Italia (FDI), ideológicamente distintos, pero ambos con experiencia tanto en la oposición como en el gobierno de Italia. El objetivo del estudio es averiguar si sus discursos y actuaciones han significado una modificación de la política exterior de Italia y de su rol internacional, asentado a lo largo de las décadas sucesivas al fin de la Guerra Fría. El análisis se basa en un estudio cualitativo del discurso político y de las actuaciones de estos dos movimientos sobre dos cuestiones internacionales fundamentales, es decir, los compromisos internacionales de Italia y sus alianzas (Unión Europea, OTAN y Estados Unidos), y las relaciones con potencias no tradicionalmente aliadas (Rusia y China). El análisis empírico evidencia más continuidades que discontinuidades en las políticas exteriores de M5S y FDI respecto a los anteriores gobiernos italianos sucesivos al fin de la Guerra Fría. Esto significa que su presencia en la oposición y en el gobierno no ha supuesto un cambio relevante en el rol internacional de Italia ni en su política exterior.
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