RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte

Influencia de las modalidades de fútbol 7, 8 y 11 en la demanda técnico-táctica de jugadores de categoría alevín. [Influence of the modalities of soccer, seven-a-side, eight-a-side and eleven-a-side in the technical-tactical demand in U-12 soccer players].

Mario Sánchez-García — 2020-03-08

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la influencia de las modalidades de juego aplicadas a la competición de fútbol en categoría alevín (sub-12) sobre la demanda técnico-táctica. Durante la temporada 2016-2017 se analizaron 18 partidos de fútbol masculino en España, 6 por modalidad (F11, n=6; F7, n=6; F8, n=6), registrando un total de 7.275 acciones técnico-tácticas. Las variables dependientes fueron agrupadas en variables ofensivas (inicio del juego, construcción del ataque, finalización y regates) y en variables defensivas (organización defensiva y recuperación de la posesión). Para analizar la diferencia entre variables en función del tipo de modalidad de juego, se utilizó la prueba ANOVA de una vía con post hoc de Tukey. Los principales resultados indicaron que F8 es una modalidad que potencia la ejecución de la fase ofensiva, y el inicio de juego y el ataque mediante pases cercanos. Por otra parte, F11 fomenta el inicio de juego realizado a través de pases lejanos y las jugadas de ataque mediante acciones técnicas individuales. Las acciones técnico-tácticas defensivas también están potenciadas en F8 realizándose más situaciones de repliegue y presión alta en esta modalidad. Las dimensiones del terreno de juego y el número de jugadores participantes son determinantes en las acciones técnico-tácticas de los jugadores de categoría alevín.

Abstract

The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of the game modalities applied to the soccer competition in U-12 category on the technical-tactical demand. During the 2016-2017 season, 18 men's soccer matches in Spain were analyzed, 6 by modality (eleven-a-side, n = 6; seven-a-side, n = 6; eight-a-side, n = 6), recording a total of 7.275 technical-tactical actions. The dependent variables were grouped into offensive variables (start of the attack, progression of the attack, end of the attack and dribbles) and in defensive variables (defensive organization and recovery of possession). To analyze the difference between variables based on the type of game modality, the one-way ANOVA test with Tukey post hoc was used. The main results indicated that eight-a-side is a modality that enhances the execution of the offensive phase, and the build up and end of the attack through nearby passes. On the other hand, F11 encourages the start of the attack made through distant passes and attack moves through individual technical actions. Defensive technical actions are also enhanced in eight-a-side with more situations of withdrawal and high pressure in this modality. The dimensions of the pitch and the number of participating players are decisive in the technical-tactical actions of the U-12 soccer players.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.06101

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Game phases performance in men’s volleyball: from initial to top-level categories. [Rendimiento de las fases de juego en voleibol masculino: desde la iniciación hasta las categorías de alto rendimiento].

Antonio Garcia de Alcaraz — 2020-04-07

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the evolution of the game phases performance and the way of scoring points throughout different age groups and levels of competition in male volleyball. The sample was 53,320 game phases performed in 299 sets from five competition categories (national under-14, national under-16, national under-19, senior national and senior international). An observational design was used. The variables were: competition category, game phase performance, and way that points were scored. The higher the category, the higher the points in attack and side-out phase (from 48.37% -U14- to 69.61% -senior international-) and the lower points by the serving team (from 51.63% -U14- to 30.39% -senior international-). The opponent errors decreased as move to higher categories. The greater differences were observed between initial stages (under-14, under-16, and under-19) and senior categories. The cause of these results is related to the increase of the points scored by the attack in the side-out phase. The contributions of the different actions change through the developmental process from initial to top-level categories. This information may be useful to understand the technical-tactical training progression and to evaluate the long term athlete development of male volleyball players.

Resumen

Este estudio trató de analizar la evolución del rendimiento de las fases de juego y la forma de puntuar a lo largo de diferentes grupos de edad y niveles de competición en voleibol masculino. La muestra fue de 53.320 fases de juego realizadas en 299 sets en cinco categorías de competición (nacional sub-14, nacional sub-16, nacional sub-19, senior nacional y senior internacional). Se empleó un diseño observacional. Las variables fueron: categoría de competición, rendimiento de la fase de juego, y forma de puntuar. A mayor categoría de competición, se registraron más puntos de ataque y salida de recepción (desde 48.37% -sub-14- hasta 69.61% -senior internacional-), y menos puntos para el equipo sacador (from 51.63% - sub-14- to 30.39% -senior internacional-). Los errores del oponente disminuyeron conforme se avanzó a categorías superiores. Las mayores diferencias se observaron entre las categorías iniciales (sub-14, sub-16, y sub-19) y las categorías senior. La causa de estos resultados se relaciona con el incremento de puntos anotados en ataque y en la fase de salida de recepción. La contribución de las diferentes acciones de juego varía a lo largo del proceso de desarrollo que hay entre las etapas de iniciación y las categorías de máximo nivel. Esta información podría ser de utilidad para comprender la progresión en el entrenamiento técnico-táctico y para evaluar el desarrollo del deportista a largo plazo en jugadores de voleibol masculino.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.06102

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La cobertura informativa de las deportistas durante los Juegos Olímpicos. [News Coverage of Women Athletes during the Olympic Games].

Elena Calvo-Ortega — 2020-05-10

El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la representación e importancia de las noticias protagonizadas por mujeres deportistas en comparación con sus homólogos masculinos en los informativos de televisión de las principales cadenas del territorio español en el período olímpico y, en concreto, durante los Juegos Olímpicos de Río de Janeiro en 2016. Para ello, se realizó un análisis de contenido sobre un total de 861 informaciones. Los resultados mostraron un incremento de la cobertura informativa del deporte femenino durante el período olímpico con respecto a la información diaria, apareciendo especialmente en aquellos deportes asociados a la feminidad. Este incremento en la cobertura es debido a factores como la exaltación nacionalista y el éxito deportivo, pero sin llegar a superar la cantidad de cobertura que recibe el deporte masculino. Del mismo modo, destaca la equidad en la importancia dada a las informaciones, por la relevancia de los eventos y éxitos obtenidos por el equipo nacional femenino. Dichos resultados demuestran el carácter puntual de las informaciones sobre deporte femenino cuando obtienen un éxito de tal relevancia que es imposible ignorar. Aun así, dichos resultados continúan contrastando con el balance superior de medallas olímpicas que recibieron las deportistas españolas durante dichos Juegos.

Abstract

The objective of the research is to analyze the representation and importance of news about women athletes compared to their male counterparts in the television sports coverage by the main generalist channels in Spain during the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games (2016). To do so, the technique of content analysis was used on a total of 861 news items. The results of the research showed an increased in the amount of coverage of sportswomen during the Olympic period with respect to the daily information provided outside the Olympic period, especially in those sports traditionally associated with femininity. This increase in coverage can be ascribed to factors such as patriotic fervour and sporting success, and never exceeded the amount of coverage received by men's sports. There is, however, a certain equity between the sexes in terms of the importance given to the news, owing to the relevance of sporting events and the successes of the national women's team during this period. These results demonstrate the fleeting nature of news about women in sports, limited to when they compete or obtain a win of such importance that it is impossible to ignore and not devote time to it. Even so, these results contrast with the fact that more Olympic medals were won by Spanish women than men at the Olympic Games held in Rio de Janeiro 2016.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.06103

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Acute effects of basketball competition on physical performance factors in under-18 female players. [Influencia de la competición sobre los factores de rendimiento físico en jugadoras de baloncesto sub-18].

José María Izquierdo — 2020-05-10

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse and quantify the acute effects of competition on several performance factors in young female basketball players, between playing positions. To this end, 37 regional league players (17.21 ± 0.44 years) performed various tests to measure the rate of perceived of effort, sprint times and jump capacity immediately pre-match (T1), at half-time (T2) and post-match (T3). Tests included measuring perceived effort (RPE), sprinting for 20 metres based on time across 10 m and 20 m and performance of countermovement jumps (CMJ). For subsequent analysis, the sample was divided into three playing positions: guards (n=11), forwards (n=15) and centres (n=11). Associated with the expected increases of RPE (from 0.3-0.5 to 7.1-7.3), results showed very likely negative effects with performance decreased from T1 to T3 measures in 20 m (3.51% for guards) and in CMJ (13.7% for forwards). We found likely and very likely negative effects between T1 and T2 in all positions but we did not between T2 and T3 in CMJ. These findings highlight the need to individualise fitness training, taking into account the match needs and demands of the different playing positions in order to minimise the effects of match fatigue and accelerate post-match recovery.

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y cuantificar los efectos agudos de la competición en distintas capacidades físicas en jugadoras sub-18 de baloncesto. Para tal fin, 37 jugadoras de nivel regional (17,21 ± 0,44 años) mostraron el esfuerzo percibido (RPE), realizaron un sprint de 20 m y se les midió la capacidad de salto inmediatamente antes del inicio partido (T1), en el descanso (T2) y después del partido (T3). En la prueba de sprint se registraron los tiempos en los 10 m iniciales y en el total de los 20 m, mientras que la capacidad de salto se valoró con un salto con contramovimiento (CMJ). Para el análisis posterior, la muestra se dividió en tres posiciones de juego: bases (n = 11), aleros (n = 15) y pívots (n = 11). Asociados con los aumentos esperados de RPE (de 0,3-0,5 a 7,1-7,3), los resultados mostraron una disminución del rendimiento con efectos “muy probables” de T1 a T3 en 20 m (3,51 % para las bases) y en CMJ (13,7 % para las aleros). Encontramos efectos negativos “probables” y “muy probables” entre T1 y T2 en todas las posiciones, pero no entre T2 y T3 en CMJ. Estos hallazgos ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de individualizar el entrenamiento físico, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades y demandas del partido de las diferentes posiciones de juego para minimizar los efectos de la fatiga del partido y acelerar la recuperación a su finalización.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.06104

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El fútbol como factor de prevención primaria contra el VIH-SIDA, Malaria, y como elemento de Salud e Higiene Básica en escolares de un centro educativo de Camerún. [Football as a factor of primary prevention on HIV-AIDS, malaria, and basic health and hygiene element, among students in a school of Cameroon].

Carlos de Cárcer — 2020-05-27

La prevención de enfermedades en comunidades africanas altamente vulnerables depende en gran medida de la labor educativa, comúnmente llevada a cabo en entornos escolares. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo verificar si el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el aprendizaje de conceptos sobre VIH-SIDA, malaria, y salud e higiene básica, dirigido a niños y población adolescente de Camerún, resulta más efectivo a través de juegos basados en fútbol, frente a una metodología convencional, basada en charlas y dinámicas en el aula. El método utilizado ha sido un ensayo aleatorio, en el cual, han tomado parte 120 individuos (n=120) de ambos sexos. En el grupo experimental está la población a la cual se le aplica los juegos basados en fútbol como método de prevención y educación para la salud. En el grupo de control están los sujetos a los que se aplican las dinámicas educativas convencionales. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo mediante cuestionarios, grupos de discusión y entrevistas en profundidad. En los resultados no se apreciaron diferencias significativas entre el grupo de control y el grupo de experimental. Sí se apreció una mayor autoeficacia y adquisición de conocimientos en temas puntuales de salud, por parte del grupo experimental.

Abstract

Disease prevention in highly vulnerable African communities depends largely on educational work, commonly carried out in school settings. This research aims to verify if the development of self-efficacy and learning of health concepts related to HIV-AIDS, malaria, and basic health and hygiene, aimed at children and adolescents in Cameroon, is more effective through games based on football, versus a conventional methodology, based on talks and dynamics in the classroom. The method used was a randomized trial, in which 120 individuals (n = 120) of both sexes took part. In the experimental group is the population to which football-based games are applied as education for health methodology. Control group is formed by individuals to whom, conventional educational dynamics are applied. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires, discussion groups and in-depth interviews. In the results, there were no significant differences between the control group and the experimental group. Greater self-efficacy and knowledge acquisition on specific topics, was rather appreciated by the experimental group.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.06105

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Origin and modifications of the geometrical centre to assess team behaviour in team sports: a systematic review. [Origen y modificaciones del punto geométrico para evaluar el comportamiento táctico colectivo en deportes de equipo: una revisión sistemática].

Markel Rico-González — 2020-06-01

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to systematically review the origin and modifications of the geometrical centre (GC) in the assessment of team behaviour in team sports. Studies were identified following the PRISMA guidelines and PICO design for systematics reviews in four electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest Central, and Web of Sciences). A total of 3,973 documents were initially retrieved, of which 1,779 were duplicates. After checking 2,178, another 36 were added from the references of the studies. 72 articles met de inclusion criteria and 7 were included for the systematic review. Habitually, the GC is computed as the mean [X,Y] of several or all players in the sports team. Despite the relevance of the location of the players with respect to the goal, habitually, the goalkeeper/target has not been considered in the measurement of the GC. Two techniques (i.e. Hilbert transformation and cluster analyses) have been applied to analyse the synchronisation (i.e. relative phase) and the average mutual information (AMI) to assess the complexity and regularity or predictability of the GC in team sports. Since the GC does not consider the goalkeepers and team dispersion, this measure should be interpreted with caution, but together with other tactical variables can provide interesting information for team sports technical staff.

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar sistemáticamente el origen y las modificaciones del centro geométrico (GC) en la evaluación del comportamiento táctico colectivo en los deportes de equipo. La identificación de los estudios se llevó a cabo en cuatro bases de datos (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest Central, and Web of Sciences) siguiendo la guía PRISMA y el diseño PICO para revisiones sistemáticas. Un total de 3,973 documentos fueron inicialmente recuperados, de los cuales 1,779 eran duplicados. Después de analizar 2,178 artículos, otros 36 fueron añadidos tras ser rescatados de las referencias bibliográficas. 72 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, de los cuales 7 sugirieron variables tácticas originales relacionadas con el posicionamiento del GC. Dos cálculos diferentes han sido propuestos para medir el GC en los deportes de equipo, siendo la media [X, Y] de varios o todos los jugadores del equipo el más utilizado. El primer cálculo del GC fue propuesto en fútbol y consideró al portero, pero este jugador especial no suele ser incluido en la medición. La ubicación de los jugadores con respecto a la diana no ha sido considerada para valorar el GC en deportes de equipo como el fútbol. Por lo tanto, las variables tácticas complementarias, como por ejemplo la distancia entre el portero o la portería y el GC, podrían asociarse con el GC para evaluar la posición relativa de varios jugadores en el espacio de juego. Dos técnicas distintas (i.e. la transformación de Hilbert y el cluster analyses) han sido aplicadas para analizar la sincronización (i.e. la fase relativa) y el average mutual information (AMI) para evaluar la complejidad y regularidad o previsibilidad del GC en los deportes de equipo.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.06106

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Anthropometric and conditional profile in semiprofessional futsal players: differences between sexes. A case study. [Perfil antropométrico y condicional en jugadores semiprofesionales de futbol sala: diferencias entre sexos. Un estudio de caso].

Carlos Lago-Fuentes — 2020-06-04

Abstract

El perfil antropométrico es uno de los indicadores asociados al rendimiento óptimo de los jugadores de fútbol sala. Sin embargo, ningún estudio ha analizado estos factores en ambos sexos ni ha creado un perfil antropométrico de cada sexo. Por estas razones, los objetivos de este estudio fueron: describir y comparar los perfiles antropométricos y condicionales de los jugadores de fútbol sala semiprofesionales, y analizar las posibles correlaciones entre los parámetros antropométricos y condicionales. En el estudio participaron 11 jugadoras de fútbol sala semiprofesionales y 8 hombres. Se realizaron varias pruebas: un análisis antropométrico y de composición corporal, potencia de las piernas con salto (SJ) y pruebas de contramovimiento (CMJ), y prueba de flexibilidad del psoas y glúteo mayor. Los jugadores de fútbol sala masculinos reportaron un mejor rendimiento en SJ y CMJ (p <0.001, ES grande), así como un menor porcentaje de grasa (10.2%) y un mayor porcentaje muscular (50.8%) que las jugadoras de fútbol sala (20.1% y 44.9%, respectivamente). No se encontraron diferencias significativas con respecto a la flexibilidad entre sexos (p> 0.05). El porcentaje de grasa presenta una correlación inversa (r = -0.84; ES muy grande), así como el rendimiento muscular, una correlación directa (r = 0.73; ES muy grande) con un rendimiento explosivo. Existen diferencias significativas entre sexos con respecto a los parámetros antropométricos y de potencia de las piernas, no en los valores de flexibilidad. En conclusión, los métodos de entrenamiento y objetivos condicionales durante la temporada deben ajustarse al perfil antropométrico y condicional de cada nivel deportivo, con especial foco en el rendimiento neuromuscular.

Resumen

Anthropometrical profile is one of the indicators associated to optimal performance of futsal players. However, no studies have analyzed these factors in both sexes neither created an anthropometrical profile of each sex. For these reasons, the goals of this study were: to describe and compare the anthropometric and conditional profiles of sub-elite futsal players, and to analyze possible correlations between anthropometric and conditional parameters. 11 female and 8 male sub-elite futsal players participated in the study. Several tests were performed: an anthropometric and body composition analysis, leg power with squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests, and psoas and major gluteus flexibility test. Male futsal players reported a better performance in SJ and CMJ (p<0.001, big ES), as well as a lower fat percentage (10.2%) and a greater muscular percentage (50.8%) than female futsal players (20.1% and 44.9%, respectively). No significant differences were found regarding flexibility between sexes (p>0.05). Fat percentage presents a reversal correlation (r=-0.84; ES very large), as well as muscular performance, a direct correlation (r=0.73; ES very large) with explosive performance. There are significant differences between sexes regarding anthropometric and leg power parameters, not in flexibility values. Finally, the training methods and conditional goals along the season should be adapted to anthropometric and conditional profile of each competitive level, with special focus in neuromuscular performance.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.06107

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